Method of preparing negative electrode
A method of preparing a negative electrode which includes preparing a negative electrode structure including expanded natural graphite, impregnating the negative electrode structure with a pre-lithiation solution to form an impregnated negative electrode structure, and pre-lithiating the impregnated negative electrode structure by electrochemically charging the impregnated negative electrode structure to 10% to 20% of charge capacity of the negative electrode structure.
1 . A method of preparing a negative electrode, the method comprising:
preparing a negative electrode structure comprising expanded natural graphite;
impregnating the negative electrode structure with a pre-lithiation solution to form an impregnated negative electrode structure;
pre-lithiating the impregnated negative electrode structure by electrochemically charging the impregnated negative electrode structure to 10% to 20% of a charge capacity of the negative electrode structure,
wherein the expanded natural graphite comprises oxygen in an amount ranging from 800 ppm to 3,000 ppm based on a weight of the expanded natural graphite.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein, in the pre-lithiating, the impregnated negative electrode structure is electrochemically charged to 13% to 16% of the charge capacity of the negative electrode structure.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrochemical charging is performed using a lithium metal as a counter electrode, wherein the lithium metal is present in the pre-lithiation solution and is spaced apart from the impregnated negative electrode structure.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the impregnation is performed for 0.5 hours to 15 hours.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the pre-lithiation solution comprises a lithium salt and an organic solvent.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrochemical charging is performed at a current density of 0.1 mA/cm 2 to 3 mA/cm 2 .
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein an interplanar spacing d002 of a (002) plane of the expanded natural graphite during X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement is in a range of 0.3370 nm to 0.3410 nm.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area of the expanded natural graphite is in a range of 4 m 2 /g to 8 m 2 /g.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein a crystallite size Lc of the expanded natural graphite in a c-axis direction during XRD measurement is in a range of 10 nm to 24 nm.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the expanded natural graphite is in a range of 8 μm to 20 μm.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode structure comprises:
a negative electrode current collector; and
a negative electrode active material layer on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector,
wherein the negative electrode active material layer comprises the expanded natural graphite.