Global navigation satellite system spoofer identification technique based on carrier to noise ratio signatures
Disclosed is a technique that can provide one or more countermeasures against spoofers. An antenna, movable in space, is used to receive space vehicle (SV) signals that appear to be associated with a plurality of space vehicles of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). SV signals are identified that have similar signal power and/or phase signatures that respectively appear to be associated with at least a first space vehicle and a second space vehicle of the GNSS. An existence of a spoofer is identified based at least in part on the identification of SV signals that have similar signal power and/or phase signatures that respectively appear to be associated with at least the first space vehicle and the second space vehicle of the GNSS.
1 . An apparatus comprising:
an antenna movable in space, the antenna configured to receive global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals;
a processor comprising hardware, wherein the processor is configured to:
receive, via the antenna movable in space, space vehicle (SV) signals that appear to be associated with a plurality of space vehicles of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS); and
identify space vehicle (SV) signals that have similar signal power and/or phase signatures that respectively appear to be associated with at least a first space vehicle and a second space vehicle of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS); and
identify an existence of a spoofer based at least in part on the identification of space vehicle (SV) signals that have similar signal power and/or phase signatures that respectively appear to be associated with at least the first space vehicle and the second space vehicle of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS).
2 . The apparatus as defined in claim 1 , the processor further configured to:
evaluate line of sight vectors to true transmitters of the space vehicle (SV) signals that have similar signal power and/or phase signatures that respectively appear to be associated with at least the first space vehicle and the second space vehicle, and based at least in part on a determination that the line of sight vectors to the true transmitters of the space vehicle (SV) signals that have similar signal power and/or phase signatures are within a first threshold distance to one another, determine a probability that the space vehicle (SV) signals that have similar signal power signatures are generated from a spoofer.
3 . The apparatus as defined in claim 1 , wherein the antenna has a gain and phase pattern, the processor further configured to:
determine a phase and/or signal gain of the space vehicle (SV) signals that have similar signal power and/or phase signatures that respectively appear to be associated with at least the first space vehicle and the second space vehicle of the GNSS; and
at least partly in response to determining that the phase and/or signal gain of the space vehicle (SV) signals that have similar signal power signatures and/or phase are different than an expected phase and/or signal gain, increase a probability that the space vehicle (SV) signals that have similar signal power signatures and/or phase are from a spoofer.
4 . The apparatus as defined in claim 1 , wherein the antenna comprises a plurality of antennas.
5 . The apparatus as defined in claim 1 , wherein the antenna comprises a single antenna.
6 . The apparatus as defined in claim 1 , wherein the antenna is configured to be moved in space using a gimbal.
7 . The apparatus as defined in claim 1 , wherein the antenna is mounted to a vehicle, wherein movement of the vehicle changes a pointing angle of the antenna.
8 . The apparatus as defined in claim 1 , wherein the antenna comprises a controlled reception pattern antenna (CRPA) and the apparatus further comprises a beamformer device configured to beam steer one or more survey beams of the controlled reception pattern antenna (CRPA).
9 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the signal power signatures comprise signal to noise ratio data, signal to interference plus noise ratio data, carrier power to noise ratio data, carrier power to interference plus noise ratio data, and/or raw power data.
10 . The apparatus of claim 1 , the processor further configured to determine a change in phase signature of the space vehicle (SV) signals that have similar phase signature that respectively appear to be associated with at least the first space vehicle and the second space vehicle of the global navigation of the GNSS as the antenna moves in space, and if the change in phase signature is less than an expected change in phase, increase a probability that the space vehicle (SV) signals that have similar phase signature are from a spoofer.
11 . A computer-implemented method, the method comprising:
receiving, via an antenna movable in space, space vehicle (SV) signals that appear to be associated with a plurality of space vehicles of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), wherein: the antenna is configured to be moved in space using a gimbal, and/or the antenna is mounted to a vehicle wherein movement of the vehicle changes a pointing angle of the antenna, and/or wherein the antenna comprises a controlled reception pattern antenna (CRPA) and a beamformer device is used to beam steer one or more survey beams of the controlled reception pattern antenna; and
identifying space vehicle (SV) signals that have similar signal power and/or phase signatures that respectively appear to be associated with at least a first space vehicle and a second space vehicle of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS); and
identifying an existence of a spoofer based at least in part on the identification of space vehicle (SV) signals that have similar signal power and/or phase signatures that respectively appear to be associated with at least the first space vehicle and the second space vehicle of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS).
12 . The computer-implemented method as defined in claim 11 , the method further comprising:
evaluating line of sight vectors to true transmitters of the space vehicle (SV) signals that have similar signal power and/or phase signatures that respectively appear to be associated with at least the first space vehicle and the second space vehicle, and based at least in part on a determination that the line of sight vectors to the true transmitters of the space vehicle (SV) signals that have similar signal power and/or phase signatures are within a first threshold distance to one another, determining a likelihood that the space vehicle (SV) signals that have similar signal power signatures are generated from a spoofer.
13 . The computer-implemented method as defined in claim 11 , the method further comprising:
determining a phase and/or signal gain of the space vehicle (SV) signals that have similar signal power and/or phase signatures that respectively appear to be associated with at least the first space vehicle and the second space vehicle of the GNSS; and
at least partly in response to determining that the phase and/or signal gain of the space vehicle (SV) signals that have similar signal power signatures and/or phase are different than an expected phase and/or signal gain, increasing a likelihood that the space vehicle (SV) signals that have similar signal power signatures and/or phase are from a spoofer.
14 . The computer-implemented method as defined in claim 11 , wherein the antenna comprises a plurality of antennas.
15 . The computer-implemented method as defined in claim 11 , wherein the antenna comprises a single antenna.
16 . The computer-implemented method as defined in claim 11 , wherein the antenna is configured to be moved in space using the gimbal.
17 . The computer-implemented method as defined in claim 11 , wherein the antenna is mounted to the vehicle, wherein movement of the vehicle changes the pointing angle of the antenna.
18 . The computer-implemented method as defined in claim 11 , wherein the antenna comprises the controlled reception pattern antenna (CRPA), the method further comprising using the beamformer device to beam steer one or more survey beams of the controlled reception pattern antenna (CRPA).
19 . The computer-implemented method as defined in claim 11 , wherein the signal power signatures comprise signal to noise ratio data, signal to interference plus noise ratio data, carrier power to noise ratio data, carrier power to interference plus noise ratio data, and/or raw power data.
20 . The computer-implemented method as defined in claim 11 , the method further comprising: determining a change in phase signature of the space vehicle (SV) signals that have similar phase signature that respectively appear to be associated with at least the first space vehicle and the second space vehicle of the global navigation of the GNSS as the antenna moves in space, and if the change in phase signature is less than an expected change in phase, increasing a likelihood that the space vehicle (SV) signals that have similar phase signature are from a spoofer.