Blood transfusion for thrombectomy devices, and systems and methods thereof
Described herein are systems, devices, and methods for methods for autologous blood transfusion. For example, an apparatus may comprise a fluid conduit configured to receive a volume of fluid from a patient and a container fluidically coupled to the fluid conduit. The container may define a reservoir configured to receive the volume of fluid from the fluid conduit. The apparatus may include a vacuum conduit couplable to a vacuum source, a vent configured to vent air into the reservoir, and at least one valve configured to couple the reservoir to the vacuum conduit to generate negative pressure within the reservoir such that the volume of fluid is drawn into the reservoir, and decouple the reservoir from the vacuum conduit while coupling the reservoir to the vent such that air is vented into the reservoir at an average rate that prevents turbulent movement of the volume of fluid within the reservoir.
1 . An apparatus, comprising:
a container couplable to an aspiration catheter via a fluid path, the container defining a reservoir configured to receive fluid aspirated by the aspiration catheter;
a vacuum source configured to generate a negative pressure within the reservoir at a pressure level that causes a volume of the fluid to be drawn into the reservoir via the fluid path while avoiding gases dissolved within the volume of the fluid from separating from the fluid; and
a vent configured to be fluidically coupled to reservoir, the vent configured to vent air into the reservoir to increase the vacuum pressure within the reservoir to atmospheric pressure over a predetermined period of time, the vent having a cross-sectional area configured to vent the air into the reservoir at a rate that avoids turbulent movement of the volume of fluid within the reservoir, wherein an average rate of venting from the vacuum pressure to the atmospheric pressure is less than about 15 inHg per second.
2 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a maximum rate of venting from the vacuum pressure to the atmospheric pressure is less than about 50 inHg per second.
3 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined period of time is between about 1 second and about 5 seconds.
4 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cross-sectional area of the vent is between about 0.05 mm 2 and about 1.5 mm 2 .
5 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the container further includes:
an inlet port disposed on or near a top side of the container and configured to receive the fluid; and
a filter disposed within the reservoir downstream from the inlet, the filter having a flat shape and being configured to filter fluid from the fluid that passes through the filter.
6 . The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the container further includes an outlet port coupled to the reservoir downstream from the filter, the outlet port couplable to an extraction device and configured to deliver the fluid filtered by the filter into the extraction device.
7 . The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the filter is a fine filter, the apparatus further comprising:
a coarse filter disposed within the container upstream of the fine filter, the coarse filter configured to remove a portion of particulates within the volume of fluid before the volume of fluid passes through the fine filter.
8 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the container includes a marking indicating a maximum fluid fill line, and the vent is couplable to the reservoir via a port coupled to the container at a location above the marking to reduce mixing of the air vented into the reservoir and the fluid.
9 . The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a fluid conduit configured to fluidically couple the aspiration catheter to the container; and
a flow sensor configured to monitor a flow rate of fluid within the fluid conduit.
10 . The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the flow sensor includes a differential pressure sensor, the differential pressure sensor configured to detect when a pressure difference between a vacuum conduit and the fluid conduit is greater than a predetermined threshold,
wherein the vacuum conduit is configured to fluidically couple the reservoir to the vacuum source.
11 . The apparatus of claim 10 , further comprising:
an output device configured to generate a user-perceptible signal indicative of a high flow rate in the fluid conduit,
the flow sensor configured to activate the output device to generate the user-perceptible signal when the pressure difference between the vacuum conduit and the fluid conduit is greater than the predetermined threshold.
12 . The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a float valve disposed in the reservoir and configured to prevent fluid within the reservoir from overflowing the reservoir.
13 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the volume of fluid includes blood, and the apparatus further comprises:
a vacuum regulator configured to maintain pressure within the container higher than a vapor pressure of the blood.
14 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the volume of fluid includes blood, and the apparatus further comprises:
a fluid conduit configured to fluidically couple the aspiration catheter to the container,
the fluid conduit having a cross-sectional area that remains the same or increases in a direction of flow toward the container to avoid a decrease in pressure below a vapor pressure of the blood.
15 . The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the fluid conduit has an inner diameter of between 0.15 inches and about 0.3 inches.
16 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the aspiration catheter includes a distal end that is configured to be disposed within patient vasculature near clot material,
wherein the apparatus further comprises a handle coupled to a proximal end of the aspiration catheter, the handle including an actuator configured to control application of the negative pressure to the aspiration catheter to aspirate the volume of fluid and the clot material into the aspiration catheter.
17 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the actuator is configured to be actuated to fluidically couple the aspiration catheter to the container such that the negative pressure within the reservoir can cause the volume of fluid and the clot material to be aspirated and drawn proximally along the fluid path.
18 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the actuator is configured to be released to decouple the aspiration catheter from the container and to terminate aspiration of the volume of fluid or the clot material.
19 . The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a switch configured to selectively couple one of the vacuum source and the vent to the reservoir.
20 . An apparatus, comprising:
a container couplable to an aspiration catheter via a fluid path, the container defining a reservoir configured to receive fluid aspirated by the aspiration catheter;
a vacuum source configured to generate a negative pressure within the reservoir at a pressure level that causes a volume of the fluid to be drawn into the reservoir via the fluid path while avoiding gases dissolved within the volume of the fluid from separating from the fluid; and
a vent configured to be fluidically coupled to reservoir, the vent configured to vent air into the reservoir to increase the vacuum pressure within the reservoir to atmospheric pressure over a predetermined period of time, the predetermined period of time being between about 1 second and about 5 seconds, the vent having a cross-sectional area configured to vent the air into the reservoir at a rate that avoids turbulent movement of the volume of fluid within the reservoir.
21 . The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the container further includes:
an inlet port disposed on or near a top side of the container and configured to receive the fluid; and
a filter disposed within the reservoir downstream from the inlet, the filter having a flat shape and being configured to filter fluid from the fluid that passes through the filter.
22 . The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the container further includes an outlet port coupled to the reservoir downstream from the filter, the outlet port couplable to an extraction device and configured to deliver the fluid filtered by the filter into the extraction device.
23 . The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the container includes a marking indicating a maximum fluid fill line, and the vent is couplable to the reservoir via a port coupled to the container at a location above the marking to reduce mixing of the air vented into the reservoir and the fluid.
24 . The apparatus of claim 20 , further comprising:
a fluid conduit configured to fluidically couple the aspiration catheter to the container; and
a flow sensor configured to monitor a flow rate of fluid within the fluid conduit.
25 . The apparatus of claim 20 , further comprising a float valve disposed in the reservoir and configured to prevent fluid within the reservoir from overflowing the reservoir.
26 . The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the volume of fluid includes blood, and the apparatus further comprises:
a fluid conduit configured to fluidically couple the aspiration catheter to the container,
the fluid conduit having a cross-sectional area that remains the same or increases in a direction of flow toward the container to avoid a decrease in pressure below a vapor pressure of the blood.
27 . The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the aspiration catheter includes a distal end that is configured to be disposed within patient vasculature near clot material,
wherein the apparatus further comprises a handle coupled to a proximal end of the aspiration catheter, the handle including an actuator configured to control application of the negative pressure to the aspiration catheter to aspirate the volume of fluid and the clot material into the aspiration catheter.
28 . The apparatus of claim 27 , wherein the actuator is configured to be actuated to fluidically couple the aspiration catheter to the container such that the negative pressure within the reservoir can cause the volume of fluid and the clot material to be aspirated and drawn proximally along the fluid path.
29 . The apparatus of claim 20 , further comprising a switch configured to selectively couple one of the vacuum source and the vent to the reservoir.
30 . An apparatus, comprising:
a container couplable to an aspiration catheter via a fluid path, the container defining a reservoir configured to receive fluid aspirated by the aspiration catheter;
a vacuum source configured to generate a negative pressure within the reservoir at a pressure level that causes a volume of the fluid to be drawn into the reservoir via the fluid path while avoiding gases dissolved within the volume of the fluid from separating from the fluid; and
a vent configured to be fluidically coupled to reservoir, the vent configured to vent air into the reservoir to increase the vacuum pressure within the reservoir to atmospheric pressure over a predetermined period of time, the vent having a cross-sectional area configured to vent the air into the reservoir at a rate that avoids turbulent movement of the volume of fluid within the reservoir, the cross-sectional area of the vent being between about 0.05 mm 2 and about 1.5 mm 2 .
31 . The apparatus of claim 30 , wherein the container further includes:
an inlet port disposed on or near a top side of the container and configured to receive the fluid; and
a filter disposed within the reservoir downstream from the inlet, the filter having a flat shape and being configured to filter fluid from the fluid that passes through the filter.
32 . The apparatus of claim 31 , wherein the container further includes an outlet port coupled to the reservoir downstream from the filter, the outlet port couplable to an extraction device and configured to deliver the fluid filtered by the filter into the extraction device.
33 . The apparatus of claim 30 , wherein the container includes a marking indicating a maximum fluid fill line, and the vent is couplable to the reservoir via a port coupled to the container at a location above the marking to reduce mixing of the air vented into the reservoir and the fluid.
34 . The apparatus of claim 30 , further comprising:
a fluid conduit configured to fluidically couple the aspiration catheter to the container; and
a flow sensor configured to monitor a flow rate of fluid within the fluid conduit.
35 . The apparatus of claim 30 , further comprising a float valve disposed in the reservoir and configured to prevent fluid within the reservoir from overflowing the reservoir.
36 . The apparatus of claim 30 , wherein the volume of fluid includes blood, and the apparatus further comprises:
a fluid conduit configured to fluidically couple the aspiration catheter to the container,
the fluid conduit having a cross-sectional area that remains the same or increases in a direction of flow toward the container to avoid a decrease in pressure below a vapor pressure of the blood.
37 . The apparatus of claim 30 , wherein the aspiration catheter includes a distal end that is configured to be disposed within patient vasculature near clot material,
wherein the apparatus further comprises a handle coupled to a proximal end of the aspiration catheter, the handle including an actuator configured to control application of the negative pressure to the aspiration catheter to aspirate the volume of fluid and the clot material into the aspiration catheter.
38 . The apparatus of claim 37 , wherein the actuator is configured to be actuated to fluidically couple the aspiration catheter to the container such that the negative pressure within the reservoir can cause the volume of fluid and the clot material to be aspirated and drawn proximally along the fluid path.
39 . The apparatus of claim 30 , further comprising a switch configured to selectively couple one of the vacuum source and the vent to the reservoir.
40 . An apparatus, comprising:
a container couplable to an aspiration catheter via a fluid path, the container defining a reservoir configured to receive fluid aspirated by the aspiration catheter;
a vacuum source configured to generate a negative pressure within the reservoir at a pressure level that causes a volume of the fluid to be drawn into the reservoir via the fluid path while avoiding gases dissolved within the volume of the fluid from separating from the fluid;
a vent configured to be fluidically coupled to reservoir, the vent configured to vent air into the reservoir to increase the vacuum pressure within the reservoir to atmospheric pressure over a predetermined period of time, the vent having a cross-sectional area configured to vent the air into the reservoir at a rate that avoids turbulent movement of the volume of fluid within the reservoir;
a fluid conduit configured to fluidically couple the aspiration catheter to the container; and
a flow sensor configured to monitor a flow rate of fluid within the fluid conduit, the flow sensor including a differential pressure sensor, the differential pressure sensor configured to detect when a pressure difference between a vacuum conduit and the fluid conduit is greater than a predetermined threshold, the vacuum conduit configured to fluidically couple the reservoir to the vacuum source.
41 . The apparatus of claim 40 , wherein the container further includes:
an inlet port disposed on or near a top side of the container and configured to receive the fluid; and
a filter disposed within the reservoir downstream from the inlet, the filter having a flat shape and being configured to filter fluid from the fluid that passes through the filter.
42 . The apparatus of claim 41 , wherein the container further includes an outlet port coupled to the reservoir downstream from the filter, the outlet port couplable to an extraction device and configured to deliver the fluid filtered by the filter into the extraction device.
43 . The apparatus of claim 40 , wherein the container includes a marking indicating a maximum fluid fill line, and the vent is couplable to the reservoir via a port coupled to the container at a location above the marking to reduce mixing of the air vented into the reservoir and the fluid.
44 . The apparatus of claim 40 , further comprising a float valve disposed in the reservoir and configured to prevent fluid within the reservoir from overflowing the reservoir.
45 . The apparatus of claim 40 , wherein the volume of fluid includes blood, the fluid conduit having a cross-sectional area that remains the same or increases in a direction of flow toward the container to avoid a decrease in pressure below a vapor pressure of the blood.
46 . An apparatus, comprising:
a container couplable to an aspiration catheter via a fluid path, the container defining a reservoir configured to receive fluid aspirated by the aspiration catheter;
a vacuum source configured to generate a negative pressure within the reservoir at a pressure level that causes a volume of the fluid to be drawn into the reservoir via the fluid path while avoiding gases dissolved within the volume of the fluid from separating from the fluid, the volume of the fluid including blood;
a vent configured to be fluidically coupled to reservoir, the vent configured to vent air into the reservoir to increase the vacuum pressure within the reservoir to atmospheric pressure over a predetermined period of time, the vent having a cross-sectional area configured to vent the air into the reservoir at a rate that avoids turbulent movement of the volume of fluid within the reservoir; and
a fluid conduit configured to fluidically couple the aspiration catheter to the container, the fluid conduit having a cross-sectional area that remains the same or increases in a direction of flow toward the container to avoid a decrease in pressure below a vapor pressure of the blood, the fluid conduit having an inner diameter of between 0.15 inches and about 0.3 inches.
47 . The apparatus of claim 46 , wherein the container further includes:
an inlet port disposed on or near a top side of the container and configured to receive the fluid; and
a filter disposed within the reservoir downstream from the inlet, the filter having a flat shape and being configured to filter fluid from the fluid that passes through the filter.
48 . The apparatus of claim 47 , wherein the container further includes an outlet port coupled to the reservoir downstream from the filter, the outlet port couplable to an extraction device and configured to deliver the fluid filtered by the filter into the extraction device.
49 . The apparatus of claim 46 , wherein the container includes a marking indicating a maximum fluid fill line, and the vent is couplable to the reservoir via a port coupled to the container at a location above the marking to reduce mixing of the air vented into the reservoir and the fluid.
50 . The apparatus of claim 46 , further comprising a flow sensor configured to monitor a flow rate of fluid within the fluid conduit.
51 . The apparatus of claim 46 , further comprising a float valve disposed in the reservoir and configured to prevent fluid within the reservoir from overflowing the reservoir.
52 . An apparatus, comprising:
a container couplable to an aspiration catheter via a fluid path, the container defining a reservoir configured to receive fluid aspirated by the aspiration catheter, the aspiration catheter including a distal end that is configured to be disposed within patient vasculature near clot material;
a vacuum source configured to generate a negative pressure within the reservoir at a pressure level that causes a volume of the fluid to be drawn into the reservoir via the fluid path while avoiding gases dissolved within the volume of the fluid from separating from the fluid;
a vent configured to be fluidically coupled to reservoir, the vent configured to vent air into the reservoir to increase the vacuum pressure within the reservoir to atmospheric pressure over a predetermined period of time, the vent having a cross-sectional area configured to vent the air into the reservoir at a rate that avoids turbulent movement of the volume of fluid within the reservoir; and
a handle coupled to a proximal end of the aspiration catheter, the handle including an actuator configured to control application of the negative pressure to the aspiration catheter to aspirate the volume of fluid and the clot material into the aspiration catheter.
53 . The apparatus of claim 52 , wherein the container further includes:
an inlet port disposed on or near a top side of the container and configured to receive the fluid; and
a filter disposed within the reservoir downstream from the inlet, the filter having a flat shape and being configured to filter fluid from the fluid that passes through the filter.
54 . The apparatus of claim 53 , wherein the container further includes an outlet port coupled to the reservoir downstream from the filter, the outlet port couplable to an extraction device and configured to deliver the fluid filtered by the filter into the extraction device.
55 . The apparatus of claim 52 , wherein the container includes a marking indicating a maximum fluid fill line, and the vent is couplable to the reservoir via a port coupled to the container at a location above the marking to reduce mixing of the air vented into the reservoir and the fluid.
56 . The apparatus of claim 52 , further comprising:
a fluid conduit configured to fluidically couple the aspiration catheter to the container; and
a flow sensor configured to monitor a flow rate of fluid within the fluid conduit.
57 . The apparatus of claim 52 , further comprising a float valve disposed in the reservoir and configured to prevent fluid within the reservoir from overflowing the reservoir.
58 . The apparatus of claim 52 , wherein the volume of fluid includes blood, and the apparatus further comprises:
a fluid conduit configured to fluidically couple the aspiration catheter to the container,
the fluid conduit having a cross-sectional area that remains the same or increases in a direction of flow toward the container to avoid a decrease in pressure below a vapor pressure of the blood.
59 . The apparatus of claim 52 , wherein the actuator is configured to be actuated to fluidically couple the aspiration catheter to the container such that the negative pressure within the reservoir can cause the volume of fluid and the clot material to be aspirated and drawn proximally along the fluid path.
60 . The apparatus of claim 52 , wherein the actuator is configured to be released to decouple the aspiration catheter from the container and to terminate aspiration of the volume of fluid or the clot material.
61 . The apparatus of claim 52 , further comprising a switch configured to selectively couple one of the vacuum source and the vent to the reservoir.
62 . An apparatus, comprising:
a container couplable to an aspiration catheter via a fluid path, the container defining a reservoir configured to receive fluid aspirated by the aspiration catheter;
a vacuum source configured to generate a negative pressure within the reservoir at a pressure level that causes a volume of the fluid to be drawn into the reservoir via the fluid path while avoiding gases dissolved within the volume of the fluid from separating from the fluid;
a vent configured to be fluidically coupled to reservoir, the vent configured to vent air into the reservoir to increase the vacuum pressure within the reservoir to atmospheric pressure over a predetermined period of time, the vent having a cross-sectional area configured to vent the air into the reservoir at a rate that avoids turbulent movement of the volume of fluid within the reservoir; and
a switch configured to selectively couple one of the vacuum source and the vent to the reservoir.
63 . The apparatus of claim 62 , wherein the container further includes:
an inlet port disposed on or near a top side of the container and configured to receive the fluid; and
a filter disposed within the reservoir downstream from the inlet, the filter having a flat shape and being configured to filter fluid from the fluid that passes through the filter.
64 . The apparatus of claim 63 , wherein the container further includes an outlet port coupled to the reservoir downstream from the filter, the outlet port couplable to an extraction device and configured to deliver the fluid filtered by the filter into the extraction device.
65 . The apparatus of claim 62 , wherein the container includes a marking indicating a maximum fluid fill line, and the vent is couplable to the reservoir via a port coupled to the container at a location above the marking to reduce mixing of the air vented into the reservoir and the fluid.
66 . The apparatus of claim 62 , further comprising:
a fluid conduit configured to fluidically couple the aspiration catheter to the container; and
a flow sensor configured to monitor a flow rate of fluid within the fluid conduit.
67 . The apparatus of claim 62 , further comprising a float valve disposed in the reservoir and configured to prevent fluid within the reservoir from overflowing the reservoir.
68 . The apparatus of claim 62 , wherein the volume of fluid includes blood, and the apparatus further comprises:
a fluid conduit configured to fluidically couple the aspiration catheter to the container,
the fluid conduit having a cross-sectional area that remains the same or increases in a direction of flow toward the container to avoid a decrease in pressure below a vapor pressure of the blood.