Recursive flow gas mixer
Methods and apparatus for gas mixing are provided. In some embodiments, a gas mixing apparatus includes: a tubular body having a wall extending longitudinally from a first end to a second end and having an outer side and an inner side that surrounds a central through opening and defining a first flow path between the first end and the second end; one or more inlet holes formed in the outer side of the wall; a plurality of exit holes formed in the inner side of the wall and communicating with the central through opening; and a plurality of longitudinal channels formed within the wall fluidly coupled to the one or more inlet holes and the plurality of exit holes, wherein the one or more inlet holes, the plurality of exit holes, and the plurality of longitudinal channels define a recursive second flow path that intersects with the first flow path.
1 . A gas mixing apparatus, comprising:
a tubular body having a wall extending longitudinally from a first end to a second end and having an outer side and an inner side, the inner side surrounding a central through opening and defining a first flow path between the first end and the second end;
one or more inlet holes formed in the outer side of the wall;
a plurality of exit holes formed in the inner side of the wall and communicating with the central through opening;
a plurality of longitudinal channels formed within the wall fluidly coupled to the one or more inlet holes and the plurality of exit holes, wherein the one or more inlet holes, the plurality of exit holes, and the plurality of longitudinal channels define a recursive second flow path that intersects with the first flow path in the central through opening;
a first annular channel formed within the wall coupled to the one or more inlet holes; and
a second annular channel formed within the wall coupled to the plurality of exit holes,
wherein the plurality of longitudinal channels extend between the first annular channel and the second annular channel.
2 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more inlet holes include 2 holes, the plurality of exit holes includes 8 holes, and the plurality of longitudinal channels includes 4 longitudinal channels.
3 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more inlet holes include at least two inlet holes circumferentially spaced equidistantly from one another, the plurality of exit holes are circumferentially spaced equidistantly from one another, and the plurality of longitudinal channels are circumferentially spaced equidistantly from one another.
4 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the tubular body is formed as a unitary structure.
5 . The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the tubular body consists of a single piece of metal.
6 . A gas mixing system, comprising:
a gas mixer including:
a tubular body having a wall extending longitudinally from a first end to a second end and having an outer side and an inner side, the inner side surrounding a central through opening and defining a first flow path between the first end and the second end;
one or more inlet holes formed in the outer side of the wall;
a plurality of exit holes formed in the inner side of the wall and communicating with the central through opening; and
a plurality of longitudinal channels formed within the wall fluidly coupled to the one or more inlet holes and the plurality of exit holes, wherein the one or more inlet holes, the plurality of exit holes, and the plurality of longitudinal channels define a recursive second flow path that intersects with the first flow path in the central through opening;
a first annular channel formed within the wall coupled to the one or more inlet holes; and
a second annular channel formed within the wall coupled to the plurality of exit holes,
wherein the plurality of longitudinal channels extend between the first annular channel and the second annular channel;
a first gas supply coupled to the central through opening at the first end; and
a second gas supply coupled to the one or more inlet holes.
7 . The system of claim 6 , further comprising an inlet port at the first end and coupled to the first gas supply.
8 . The system of claim 6 , further comprising a gas distribution plate spaced from the second end.
9 . The system of claim 6 , wherein the one or more inlet holes include 2 holes, the plurality of exit holes includes 8 holes, and the plurality of longitudinal channels includes 4 longitudinal channels.
10 . The system of claim 6 , wherein the one or more inlet holes include at least 2 inlet holes that are circumferentially spaced equidistantly from one another, the plurality of exit holes are circumferentially spaced equidistantly from one another, and the plurality of longitudinal channels are circumferentially spaced equidistantly from one another.
11 . The system of claim 6 , wherein the tubular body is formed as a unitary structure.
12 . The system of claim 6 , further comprising a controller connected to the first gas supply and the second gas supply, the controller configured to control a flow of a first gas along the first flow path and to control a flow of a second gas along the second flow path.
13 . A method of gas mixing, comprising:
introducing a first gas through a central through opening of a tubular body having a wall extending longitudinally from a first end to a second end and having an outer side and an inner side, the inner side surrounding the central through opening;
introducing a second gas through one or more inlet holes formed in the outer side of the wall, wherein the introduced second gas flows through a plurality of longitudinal channels formed within the wall to a plurality of exit holes formed in the inner side of the wall and exits the plurality of exit holes into the central through opening and mixes with the first gas; and
transporting the mixed first and second gases through the central through opening to the second end,
wherein the introduced second gas enters a first annular channel formed within the wall before entering the plurality of longitudinal channels and enters a second annular channel formed within the wall before exiting the plurality of exit holes.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the first gas is introduced through the central through opening at the first end.
15 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the one or more inlet holes include at least 2 inlet holes that are circumferentially spaced equidistantly from one another, the plurality of exit holes are circumferentially spaced equidistantly from one another, and the plurality of longitudinal channels are circumferentially spaced equidistantly from one another.
16 . The method of claim 13 , wherein at least one of the first gas or the second gas is compatible with a CVD or ALD process.
17 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the first gas and the second gas are uniformly mixed at the second end.