Diagnostic tool for analyzing results of flow mediated dilation
A diagnostic tool includes a communications interface, a memory storing instructions, and at least one processor coupled to the communications interface and to the memory. The at least one processor is configured to execute the instructions to perform operations including: receiving measurement data of a response to a flow-mediated dilation (FMD) test; determining a value for an FMD parameter based on the received measurement data; establishing a diagnostic threshold based on patient medical information; determining a diagnostic result of the FMD test by comparing the FMD parameter value to the diagnostic threshold; and providing the diagnostic result of the FMD test through a digital interface of the diagnostic apparatus.
1 . A diagnostic system comprising:
a measurement tool configured to collect image data of an artery subject to a flow-mediated dilation (FMD) test; and
a diagnostic tool comprising:
a communications interface;
a memory storing instructions; and
at least one processor coupled to the communications interface and to the memory, the at least one processor being configured to execute the instructions to perform operations comprising:
receiving measurement data comprising a change in diameter of the artery subject to the FMD test over time from an initiation of the FMD test through the artery's substantial recovery to baseline, the measurement data derived from the image data;
determining an FMD parameter value by applying a finite difference model to the received measurement data, wherein the FMD parameter value comprises one or more of a sensitivity of the artery to softening in response to a changing wall shear stress (WSS), resistance of the artery to softening in response to a changing WSS, and integrity of mechanotransduction of a tissue-softening signal throughout the artery, each parameter value being associated with an arterial wall subject to the FMD test;
establishing a diagnostic threshold based on patient medical information;
determining a diagnostic result of the FMD test by comparing the FMD parameter value to the diagnostic threshold; and
providing the diagnostic result of the FMD test through an output module of the diagnostic apparatus.
2 . The diagnostic system of claim 1 , wherein the FMD parameter value comprises a patient-specific measurement resulting from the FMD test.
3 . The diagnostic system of claim 1 , further comprising a data analysis tool configured to receive the image data and derive the measurement data from the received image data.
4 . The diagnostic system of claim 1 , wherein the measurement tool comprises an ultrasound imaging device.
5 . The diagnostic system of claim 1 , wherein the diagnostic threshold comprises a static threshold or a dynamic threshold.
6 . The diagnostic system of claim 1 , wherein the patient information corresponds to at least one of age, family medical history, smoking history, and sex.
7 . The diagnostic system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the instructions to perform operations comprising:
retrieving medical history of a patient of the FMD test; and
determining the FMD parameter value based on the medical history and measurement data.
8 . The diagnostic system of claim 1 , wherein the FMD test is a brachial artery flow-mediated dilation test.
9 . The diagnostic system of claim 1 , wherein the diagnostic threshold comprises a range of thresholds corresponding to the patient medical information, and wherein providing the diagnostic result through the output module further comprises presenting a graphical representation of the range of thresholds and a marker denoting the diagnostic result, the marker being presented within the graphical representation in relation to the range of thresholds.
10 . The diagnostic system of claim 1 , wherein the diagnostic result comprises a prediction in a physical status of a patient of the respective FMD test.
11 . The diagnostic system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the instructions to perform operations comprising:
applying at least one of a machine learning processing or neural network processing to adjust one or more algorithms used to determine the FMD parameter value and the diagnostic threshold from the measurement data.
12 . The diagnostic system of claim 1 , wherein the sensitivity of the artery to softening in response to a changing wall shear stress is
E
min
*
=
E
∞
E
0
,
the resistance of the artery to softening in response to a changing WSS is B=βs 0 , and the integrity of mechanotransduction of a tissue-softening signal throughout the artery is
γ
=
a
s
r
in
2
ξ
where E ∞ is the modulus of elasticity of an artery wall for a shear stress approaching infinity, E 0 is the modulus of elasticity of the artery wall for a shear stress of zero, β is a property indicative of the artery wall's resistance to a changing shear stress,
s
0
=
4
μ
q
π
r
in
3
,
where μ is the dynamic viscosity of the blood within the artery, q is the blood flow rate, a s is diffusivity, r in is the inner radius of the artery, and ξ is a property indicative of the artery's responsiveness to a changing sheer stress.
13 . The diagnostic system of claim 12 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the instructions to perform operations comprising:
determining a plurality of FMD parameter values based on the received measurement data, wherein the FMD parameter values comprise each of
E
min
*
,
B
,
and
γ
,
14 . A method comprising:
collecting image data of an artery subject to a flow-mediated dilation (FMD) test;
deriving measurement data from the image data, wherein the measurement data comprises a change in diameter of the artery subject to the FMD test over time from an initiation of the FMD test through the artery's substantial recovery to baseline;
determining an FMD parameter value by applying a finite difference model to the measurement data, wherein the FMD parameter value comprises one or more of a sensitivity of the artery to softening in response to a changing wall shear stress (WSS), resistance of the artery to softening in response to a changing WSS, and integrity of mechanotransduction of a tissue-softening signal throughout the artery, each parameter value being associated with an arterial wall subject to the FMD test;
establishing a diagnostic threshold based on patient medical information;
determining a diagnostic result of the FMD test by comparing the FMD parameter value to the diagnostic threshold; and
providing the diagnostic result of the FMD test through an output module of a diagnostic apparatus.
15 . The computer-implemented method of claim 14 , wherein the FMD parameter value comprises a patient-specific measurement resulting from the FMD test.
16 . The computer-implemented method of claim 14 , wherein the diagnostic threshold comprises a static threshold or a dynamic threshold.
17 . The computer-implemented method of claim 14 , further comprising:
retrieving medical history of a patient of the FMD test; and
determining the FMD parameter value based on the medical history and measurement data.
18 . The computer-implemented method of claim 14 , further comprising applying at least one of a machine learning process or neural network processing to adjust one or more algorithms used to determine the FMD parameter value and the diagnostic threshold from the measurement data.
19 . A tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform a method, comprising:
collecting image data of an artery subject to a flow-mediated dilation (FMD) test;
deriving measurement data from the image data, wherein the measurement data comprises a change in diameter of the artery subject to the FMD test over time from an initiation of the FMD test through the artery's substantial recovery to baseline;
determining an FMD parameter value by applying a finite difference model to the measurement data wherein, the FMD parameter value comprises one or more of a sensitivity of the artery to softening in response to a changing wall shear stress (WSS), resistance of the artery to softening in response to a changing WSS, and integrity of mechanotransduction of a tissue-softening signal throughout the artery, each parameter value being associated with an arterial wall subject to the FMD test;
establishing a diagnostic threshold based on patient medical information;
determining a diagnostic result of the FMD test by comparing the FMD parameter value to the diagnostic threshold; and
providing the diagnostic result of the FMD test through an output module of a diagnostic apparatus.
20 . The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19 , containing further stored instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to further perform:
applying at least one of a machine learning process or neural network processing to adjust one or more algorithms used to determine the FMD parameter value and the diagnostic threshold from the measurement data.