LCO electrodes and batteries fabricated therefrom
Electrodes for batteries, active stacks for batteries, batteries and methods of fabrication are described where the electrode has an LiCoO 2 (LCO) electrode layer with a (110), (101), (104), or (003) crystallographic orientation or combinations thereof.
1 . An electrode comprising:
(a) an electroplated electrode layer of fully dense LiCoO 2 (LCO) material;
(b) said LiCoO 2 (LCO) electrode layer having a (003) or a (101) or a (104) or a (110) crystal orientation;
(c) wherein the electrode layer has top and bottom surfaces with continuous grains between the surfaces that create ion and electron conductive pathways between the surfaces;
(d) wherein the electrode layer has a thickness from about 10 μm to about 200 μm; and
(e) wherein the electrode layer having has at least one smooth surface with a roughness of Rz=˜10 μm.
2 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the electrode is a component of a battery.
3 . An active stack for a battery, the active stack comprising:
an anode layer;
a cathode layer; and
an electrolyte layer between the anode layer and the cathode layer;
wherein the cathode layer comprises an electroplated layer of fully dense LiCoO 2 (LCO) material;
wherein the LiCoO 2 (LCO) material has a (003) or a (101) or a (104) or a (110) crystal orientation; and
wherein the electroplated layer has at least one smooth surface with a roughness of Rz=˜10 μm.
4 . The active stack of claim 3 :
wherein the electrolyte layer comprises a non-liquid electrolyte layer; and
wherein the layer of LiCoO 2 (LCO) material smooth surface faces the electrolyte layer.
5 . The active stack of claim 3 , wherein the anode layer comprises a layer of lithium-ion based active material.
6 . The active stack of claim 3 , the active stack comprising:
said cathode layer having a thickness from about 10 μm to about 200 μm;
said cathode layer having at least one smooth surface;
said cathode layer having surfaces with continuous grains between the surfaces that create conductive pathways between the surfaces.
7 . The active stack of claim 6 :
wherein the electrolyte layer comprises a non-liquid electrolyte layer; and
wherein the layer of LiCoO 2 (LCO) material has a smooth surface facing the electrolyte layer.
8 . The active stack of claim 6 , wherein the anode layer comprises a layer of lithium-ion based active material.
9 . A battery, comprising:
a first current collector;
an anode layer adjacent the first current collector;
an electrolyte layer adjacent the anode layer;
a cathode layer adjacent the electrolyte layer; and
a second current collector adjacent the cathode layer;
wherein the cathode layer comprises a layer of fully dense LiCoO 2 (LCO) material;
wherein the LiCoO 2 (LCO) material has a (003) or a (101) or a (104) or a (110) crystal orientation; and
wherein the electroplated layer has at least one smooth surface with a roughness of Rz=˜10 μm.
10 . The battery of claim 9 :
wherein the electrolyte layer comprises a non-liquid electrolyte layer; and
wherein the layer of LiCoO 2 (LCO) material has a smooth surface facing the electrolyte layer.
11 . The battery of claim 9 , wherein the anode layer comprises a layer of lithium-ion based active material.
12 . The battery of claim 9 , wherein the first current collector comprises a copper-based material.
13 . The battery of claim 9 , wherein the second current collector comprises an aluminum-based material.
14 . The battery of claim 9 :
said cathode layer having a thickness from 10 μm to about 200 μm; and
said cathode layer having surfaces with continuous grains between the surfaces that create conductive pathways between the surfaces.
15 . The battery of claim 14 :
wherein the electrolyte layer comprises a solid-state electrolyte layer; and
wherein the layer of LiCoO 2 (LCO) material has a smooth surface facing the electrolyte layer.
16 . The battery of claim 14 , wherein the anode layer comprises a layer of lithium-ion based active material.
17 . The battery of claim 14 , wherein the first current collector comprises a copper-based material.
18 . The battery of claim 14 , wherein the second current collector comprises an aluminum-based material.