Electrolyte for electrochemical cell
In the present disclosure, described is an electrolyte for an electrochemical cell comprising a solvent mixture comprising at least two carbonate solvents. Disclosed is also an electrolyte for an electrochemical cell comprising a solvent mixture comprising co-solvent DMC, co-solvent EC, and co-solvent PC, and additives SCN and FEC, wherein the mass % of each of additives SCN and FEC are less than 5%.
1 . An electrolyte for an electrochemical cell comprising a lithium salt comprising Lithium DiFluorooxalotoborate (LiDFOB) and a solvent mixture comprising at least two carbonate solvents.
2 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the solvent mixture comprises a minor solvent and a major solvent, and wherein the mass ratio of the minor solvent to the major solvent in the solvent mixture is approximately 2:8 to 1:1.
3 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the carbonate solvents is an ethylene carbonate (EC) and/or at least one of the carbonate solvents comprises a dimethyl carbonate (DMC).
4 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the carbonate solvents comprises propylene carbonate (PC).
5 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , further comprising at least two electrolyte additives, wherein at least one of the electrolyte additives comprises a carbonate-type additive or a nitrile-type additive, and/or wherein at least one of the electrolyte additives comprises a non-ionic organic additive.
6 . The electrolyte of claim 5 , wherein a second additive comprises a nitrile-type additive.
7 . The electrolyte of claim 5 , wherein at least one non-ionic organic additive comprises a cyclic carbonate based additive or dioxolane, wherein at least one cyclic carbonate based additive comprises 1,3-cyclic carbonate, chloroethylene carbonate, and/or fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and/or combinations thereof.
8 . The electrolyte of claim 5 , wherein at least one nitrile-type additive comprises an acetonitrile, adiponitrile, glutaronitrile, pimelonitrile, malononitrile (MLN) and/or a succinonitrile (SCN) and/or a combination thereof.
9 . The electrolyte of claim 5 , wherein the amount of any individual additive is from 0.01 mass percent to 15 mass percent of the total mass of the electrolyte.
10 . The electrolyte of claim 5 , wherein at least one of the non-ionic organic additives is fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and/or, wherein at least one of the nitrile-type additives is succinonitrile (SCN), wherein the mass proportion of the non-ionic organic additive is between 0.5% and 5% of the total mass of electrolyte and/or, wherein the mass proportion of nitrile-type additive is between 0.1% and 3% of the total mass of electrolyte.
11 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises an additional lithium salt, wherein the additional lithium salt concentration is between 0.1 and 6 M and wherein the additional lithium salts comprise, Lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), Lithium Bis(oxolato)borate (LiBOB), Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), or any combination thereof.
12 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the number of carbonate solvents is three, wherein the three carbonate solvents are Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC) and Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC).
13 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a solvent mixture comprising co-solvent DMC, co-solvent EC, and co-solvent PC, and additives SCN and FEC, wherein the mass % of each of additives SCN and FEC are less than 5%.
14 . An electrolyte for an electrochemical cell comprising a lithium salt comprising a primary lithium salt, wherein the lithium salt in the electrolyte comprises at least 50 mass % of the primary lithium salt, and a solvent mixture comprising succinonitrile (SCN) as a co-solvent and one or more carbonate-type co-solvents, wherein the electrolyte comprises at least 5 mass % of the carbonate-type co-solvents, and wherein at least one of the carbonate-type co-solvent has SEI-forming capability wherein the primary lithium salt is Lithium DiFluorooxalotoborate (LiDFOB), where SEI refers to Solid Electrolyte Interphase.
15 . The electrolyte of claim 14 , wherein one carbonate-type co-solvent is fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), and wherein another carbonate-type co-solvent is DMC.
16 . The electrolyte of claim 15 , further comprising a secondary lithium salt, wherein the lithium salt in the electrolyte comprises less than 50 mass % of the secondary lithium salt.
17 . The electrolyte of claim 16 , wherein the secondary lithium salt is a boron containing lithium salt, wherein the boron containing lithium salt is LiBF 4 and/or LiBOB or any combination thereof.
18 . An electrochemical cell comprising the electrolyte of claim 17 , an anode, and a cathode, wherein the cathode comprises Lithium manganese nickel oxide (LMNO), Lithium-Manganese-Iron-Phosphate (LMFP), Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese oxide (NCM), Lithium-Cobalt-Oxide (LCO), Nickel-Cobalt-Aluminum (NCA) and/or Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP).
19 . The electrochemical cell of claim 18 , wherein the anode comprises lithium, carbon and/or silicon, wherein the anode comprises natural and/or artificial graphite, hard carbon, graphite-silicon mixture, silicon, silicon oxide (SiO), silicon, LTO (Lithium-Titanium-Oxide) and/or metallic lithium.