Specific negative electrode based on lithium and lithium electrochemical generator comprising such a negative electrode
A negative electrode for a lithium electrochemical generator, wherein it comprises, as active material, a lithium and calcium alloy, wherein the calcium is present in the alloy to the extent of 2% to 34% of atomic.
1. A negative electrode for a lithium electrochemical generator, the negative electrode consisting of an active material, the active material comprising a lithium and calcium alloy, the calcium is present in the alloy in an amount of 2% to 34% atomic and wherein the negative electrode is in the form of a sheet or plate having a thickness ranging from 5 to 200 μm.
2. The negative electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium and calcium alloy consists of lithium and calcium.
3. The negative electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the calcium is present in the alloy in an amount of 2% to 15% atomic.
4. The negative electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium and calcium alloy comprises CaLi 2 .
5. The negative electrode according to claim 1 , which is self-supporting.
6. An electrochemical generator comprising at least one electrochemical cell comprising:
a positive electrode comprising an active material comprising a lithium-insertion material,
a negative electrode, and
an electrolyte conducting lithium ions disposed between said negative electrode and said positive electrode, characterised in that the negative electrode is as defined according to claim 1 .
7. The electrochemical generator according to claim 6 , wherein the lithium-insertion material is selected from the group consisting of:
a lithiated oxide comprising at least one transition metal element selected from the group consisting of:
a lithiated oxide of the formula LiMO 2 , where M is an element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, Al, Mg and mixtures thereof; and
a lithiated oxide with a spinel structure,
a lithiated phosphate comprising at least one transition metal element having a formula LiM 1 PO 4 , where M 1 is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co and mixtures thereof, manganese dioxide, and mixtures thereof.
8. The electrochemical generator according to claim 7 , wherein the lithiated oxide with a spinel structure is LiMn 2 O 4 .
9. The electrochemical generator according to claim 7 , wherein the lithium-insertion material comprising the lithiated phosphate comprising at least one transition metal element is LiFePO 4 .
10. The electrochemical generator according to claim 7 , wherein the lithium-insertion material is manganese dioxide.
11. The electrochemical generator according to claim 6 , wherein the positive electrode further comprises at least one electron-conducting additive and/or at least one binder.
12. The electrochemical generator according to claim 11 , wherein the electron-conducting additive is selected from the group consisting of carbon blacks, acetylene blacks, graphite, carbon fibres, carbon nanotubes, titanium, nickel, aluminium, stainless steel and mixtures thereof.
13. The electrochemical generator according to claim 11 , wherein the binder is a polymeric binder.
14. The electrochemical generator according to claim 6 , wherein the electrolyte conducting lithium ions is a liquid electrolyte comprising at least one organic solvent and at least one lithium salt.
15. The electrochemical generator according to claim 14 , wherein the at least one organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of carbonate solvents, ether solvents, amide solvents, sulfoxide solvents, lactone solvents, lactam solvents, nitrile solvents, ester solvents, sulfite solvents and mixtures thereof.
16. The electrochemical generator according to claim 14 , wherein the at least one lithium salt is selected from the group consisting of LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiGaCl 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC(SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 , lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, LiN[SO 2 CF 3 ] 2 , LiSCN, lithium nitrate LiNO 3 , lithium bis(oxalato)borate, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, LiPF 3 (CF 2 CF 3 ) 3 , lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate LiCF 3 SO 3 , lithium fluorosulfonate LiSO 3 F, LiC 6 F 5 SO 3 , LiO 3 SCF 2 CF 3 , LiO 2 CCF 3 , LiB(C 6 H 5 ) 4 and mixtures thereof.