Passive, porous, phase-change cold plate
A cold plate is disclosed for cooling electronics within a missile. The cold plate includes a housing enclosing a compartment. An outlet manifold is inside the compartment. A wick is inside the compartment and is adjacent to the outlet manifold. A liquid inlet is fluidically connected to the wick. A vapor outlet fluidically connects the outlet manifold to atmosphere or space.
1 . A cold plate for cooling a heat source, the cold plate comprising:
a housing enclosing a compartment;
a liquid manifold inside the compartment;
a vapor manifold inside the compartment;
a wick forming an interface between the liquid manifold and the vapor manifold;
an inlet fluidically connected with the liquid manifold;
an outlet fluidically connecting the vapor manifold to atmosphere or space; and
a liquid reservoir fluidically connected to the liquid inlet, wherein the liquid reservoir comprises an elastic liner that is collapsible and fluidically connected to the liquid inlet, and wherein the elastic liner is configured to:
expand when filled with liquid;
exert pressure on the liquid;
and force the liquid into the liquid manifold.
2 . The cold plate of claim 1 , further comprising:
a check valve connected to the outlet, wherein the check valve fluidically connects the outlet to atmosphere when a pressure within the compartment exceeds an opening pressure of the check valve.
3 . The cold plate of claim 2 , wherein the liquid reservoir comprises:
an air bag within the liquid reservoir, wherein the air bag comprises an elastic bag filled with a gas; and
a sponge within the liquid reservoir and saturated with a liquid.
4 . The cold plate of claim 1 , wherein the wick comprises a porous material with pores that are non-uniform in size.
5 . The cold plate of claim 1 , wherein the wick comprises a porous material with pores that increase in size as the pores extend toward the interface.
6 . The cold plate of claim 1 , wherein the liquid reservoir comprises:
a rigid shell surrounding the elastic liner.
7 . The cold plate of claim 6 , wherein the housing comprises a top surface opposite a bottom surface, and wherein the liquid reservoir extends along an edge of the housing between the top surface and the bottom surface.
8 . The cold plate of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first wick in the liquid manifold and forming a first interface between the liquid manifold and the vapor manifold;
a second wick in the inlet manifold and forming a second interface between the liquid manifold and the vapor manifold; and
wherein the vapor manifold comprises a channel extending between the first wick and the second wick.
9 . The cold plate of claim 1 , wherein the liquid reservoir forms a perimeter of the cold plate.
10 . A cold plate for cooling electronics within a missile, the cold plate comprising:
a housing enclosing a compartment;
an outlet manifold inside the compartment;
a wick inside the compartment adjacent to the outlet manifold;
a liquid inlet fluidically connected to the wick;
an elastic liner that is collapsible and fluidically connected to the liquid inlet; and
a vapor outlet fluidically connecting the outlet manifold to atmosphere or space;
wherein the elastic liner is configured to:
expand when filled with liquid;
exert pressure on the liquid;
and force the liquid into the wick.
11 . The cold plate of claim 10 , further comprising:
an inlet manifold in the compartment, wherein the inlet manifold fluidically connects the liquid inlet to the wick, and wherein the wick forms an interface between the inlet manifold and the outlet manifold.
12 . The cold plate of claim 10 , further comprising:
a check valve connected to the vapor outlet, wherein the check valve fluidically connects the vapor outlet to atmosphere when a pressure within the compartment exceeds an opening pressure of the check valve.
13 . The cold plate of claim 10 , wherein the wick comprises a porous material with pores that are non-uniform in size.
14 . The cold plate of claim 10 , wherein the wick comprises a porous material with pores that increase in size as the pores extend toward the interface.
15 . The cold plate of claim 10 , further comprising:
a rigid shell surrounding the elastic liner.
16 . The cold plate of claim 15 , wherein the liquid reservoir comprises:
an air bag within the liquid reservoir, wherein the air bag comprises an elastic bag filled with a gas; and
a sponge within the liquid reservoir and saturated with a liquid.
17 . The cold plate of claim 1 , further comprising a liquid inside the elastic liner, and wherein the elastic liner exerts pressure on the liquid to fill the liquid manifold with the liquid, and press the liquid against the wick.
18 . The cold plate of claim 6 , further comprising a liquid inside the elastic liner, and wherein the elastic liner exerts pressure on the liquid to fill the liquid manifold with the liquid, and press the liquid against the wick.