Tapered tubular optical waveguide probe for magnetic focusing immunosensors
A waveguide probe for the detection of pathogens in a sample which comprises a laser, a first and a second tubes that converge at a point to form a proximal end. A magnet is positioned in the end to configure to focus paramagnetic microspheres attached to antigen/antibody/optically labeled antibody complexes in the field of view. The proximal end is polished to form an aperture.
1. A method for the detection of pathogens in a sample, the sample contained in a housing, comprising:
placing paramagnetic microspheres with immobilizing primary antibodies that bind with the pathogens in the housing;
placing optical markers bound to secondary antibodies that bind with the pathogens in the housing;
forming in the sample molecular complexes, each molecular complex comprising one of the pathogens bound to at least one of the primary antibodies and at least one of the secondary antibodies;
focusing the molecular complexes in a field of view of a proximal end of a waveguide probe, the proximal end comprised of a first tube and a second tube and shaped to form a receiving aperture, the aperture having a magnet received therein;
transmitting light through the proximal end and into the housing to generate a fluorescent signal from the molecular complexes;
collecting the fluorescent signal; and
detecting the fluorescent signal which corresponds to the presence of the pathogens in the sample.
2. The method claim 1 wherein the antibodies are anti- Salmonella.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the pathogen is S.typhimurium.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the sample is selected from the group consisting of mammals, fish and fowl.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein transmitting light through the proximal end comprises:
injecting a laser beam into and through the first tube and through the proximal end.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the housing is a cuvette.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the first tube has a wall and the length of the diameter of the proximal end is about twice the magnitude of the wall thickness of the first tube.
8. A method for the detection of pathogens in a sample, the sample contained in a housing, comprising:
placing paramagnetic microspheres with immobilizing primary antibodies that are capable of binding with the pathogens in the housing;
placing optical markers bound to secondary antibodies that are capable of binding with the pathogens in the housing;
forming in the sample molecular complexes, each molecular complex comprising one of the pathogens bound to at least one of the primary antibodies and at least one of the secondary antibodies;
focusing the molecular complexes in a field of view of a proximal end of a waveguide probe, the proximal end comprised of a first tube and a second tube and shaped to form a receiving aperture, the aperture having a magnet received therein;
communicating an excitation fiber with the first tube;
transmitting light through the excitation fiber, first tube and into the housing to generate a fluorescent signal from the molecular complexes;
collecting the fluorescent signal; and
detecting the fluorescent signal.