Fiber reinforced pipe
A flexible, fiber reinforced pipe has been invented for conveying fluids. The pipe is flexible enough to be spoolable, even under winter temperature conditions. The pipe can contain pressure, when buried, unrestrained and bent. The pipe exhibits impact resistance under normal handling and can be formed using a continuous process, such that it can be manufactured as it is being laid. A flexible, fiber reinforced pipe includes an inner tubular liner having an inner surface and an outer surface; a first layer of reinforcing fibers helically wrapped about the inner liner and in direct contact therewith; an outer layer of reinforcing fibers helically wrapped about an underlying layer of reinforcing fibers and in direct contact therewith; and an outer tubular sheath applied over the outer layer in direct contact therewith.
1. A flexible, fiber reinforced pipe comprising: an inner tubular polymeric membrane, a first layer of glass reinforcing fibers helically wound about the inner tubular membrane, an outer layer of glass reinforcing fibers helically wrapped and positioned outwardly of the first layer of reinforcing fibers, the fibers of the outer layer each being independently moveable within the outer layer and an outer coating applied over the outer layer of reinforcing fibers, the first layer of glass reinforcing fibers and the outer layer of glass reinforcing fibers each being substantially free floating between the inner tubular membrane and the outer coating and being separated from contact with any metal reinforcements in the pipe and the pipe including at least one of said layers of glass reinforcing fibers wrapped in a first helical direction and at least one of said layers of glass reinforcing fibers wrapped in a second helical direction opposite to said first direction.
2. The pipe of claim 1 wherein the first layer is wrapped in a first helical direction and the outer layer is wrapped in a second helical direction opposite to said first direction.
3. The pipe of claim 1 wherein the pipe includes at least one intermediate layer of reinforcing fibers disposed between the first layer and the outer layer.
4. The pipe of claim 1 wherein the inner tubular membrane is a thermoplastic or an elastomer.
5. The pipe of claim 1 wherein the outer tubular sheath is a thermoplastic or an elastomer.
6. The pipe of claim 1 wherein the glass reinforcing fibers include E-glass.
7. The pipe of claim 1 wherein the reinforcing fibers are substantially continuous along the first layer and the reinforcing fibers are substantially continuous along the outer layer.
8. The pipe of claim 1 wherein the first and outer layers include substantially equal but opposite winding angles and fibers applied in substantially equal quantities.
9. The pipe of claim 1 wherein the first layer of reinforcing fibers includes substantially continuous and dry fibers and the outer layer of reinforcing fibers includes substantially continuous and dry fibers.
10. The pipe of claim 1 , wherein the first layer and the outer layer provide the pipe with controlled radial growth under load and controlled axial growth under load.
11. The pipe of claim 1 wherein the glass reinforcing fibers of the outer layer are each independently moveable within the outer layer by winding the fibers at the same angle and direction throughout the outer layer.
12. The pipe of claim 11 wherein the glass reinforcing fibers are non-woven in the outer layer.
13. The pipe of claim 1 wherein the glass reinforcing fibers of the first layer are each independently moveable within the first layer.
14. The pipe of claim 13 wherein the glass reinforcing fibers of the first layer are each independently moveable within the first layer by winding the fibers at the same angle and direction throughout the first layer.
15. The pipe of claim 14 wherein the glass reinforcing fibers are non-woven in the first layer.
16. The pipe of claim 1 wherein the first layer completely covers the inner tubular membrane and the outer layer completely covers the surface over which the outer layer is applied.
17. The pipe of claim 1 wherein the pipe is devoid of metal reinforcements between the inner membrane and the outer coating.
18. The pipe of claim 1 wherein the pipe is devoid of metal reinforcements.
19. The pipe of claim 1 wherein the glass reinforcing fibers include E-CR glass.
20. The pipe of claim 1 wherein the glass reinforcing fibers include S glass.
21. The pipe of claim 1 wherein the glass reinforcing fibers of the first layer are wound at a pull force of 5 to 10 pounds.
22. The pipe of claim 1 wherein the glass reinforcing fibers of the outer layer are wound at a pull force of 5 to 10 pounds.
23. The pipe of claim 1 wherein the first layer and/or the second layer has a winding angle of between 40° and 70°.
24. The pipe of claim 1 wherein the first layer and/or the second layer has a winding angle of between 50° and 60°.
25. The pipe of claim 1 wherein the outer layer of glass reinforcing fibers is applied over and in direct contact with the first layer of glass reinforcing fibers and the outer coating is applied over and in direct contact with the outer layer of glass reinforcing fibers.
26. The pipe of claim 25 wherein the pipe is devoid of metal reinforcements.