Composites with encapsulated structures and related method
View Patent ↗Chaotic advection causes the formation of various encapsulates in binary phase composites. Such composites are successfully formed with thermoplastics that are present in desired amounts by weight or volume. With a batch type chaotic mixer, the process starts with selecting suitable polymers, mechanically mixing the raw material, heating the mixture, instilling chaotic advection by agitation for a period of time and cooling and recovering the composite. With continuous flow types of chaotic mixers, the process starts with melting the component polymers in separate extruders capable of component melt flows in predetermined proportions.
1. A composite formed from at least two thermoplastics comprising:
a. a background matrix comprising said at least two thermoplastics; and
b. substantially pure encapsulated components comprised of one of said at least two thermoplastics wherein said encapsulated components are disposed in said matrix;
c. fibril-like structures comprising at least one of said at least two thermoplastics;
d. sheet-like structures comprising at least one of said at least two thermoplastics;
e. complex fibrils wherein a primary fibril is encased least one layer of material.
2. The invention of claim 1 wherein the mixture comprises disproportionate percentages of said thermoplastics.
3. The composite of claim 1 wherein said thermoplastics are immiscible.
4. The composite of claim 1 wherein said thermoplastics are polystyrene and low density polyethylene.
5. The composite of claim 1 wherein one of said thermoplastics is polystyrene and the other of said polymers is any thermoplastic except low density polyethylene.
6. A batch method to form encapsulates in composites comprising the steps of:
a. selecting at least two thermoplastics;
b. selecting a proportion by weight of said thermoplastics;
c. introducing said mechanically mixed thermoplastics into a chaotic mixing device;
d. heating said chaotic mixing device so as to melt both of said thermoplastics;
e. processing said melted thermoplastics by agitating the melt for a period of time to instill chaotic advection and the formation of encapsulates;
f. cooling the melt
g. recovering said processed, cooled composite.
7. A continuous flow method to form encapsulates in composites comprising the steps of:
a. selecting at least two thermoplastics;
b. selecting the proportions of each of said thermoplastics by volume;
c. heating extruders to an appropriate temperature for each one of said thermoplastics;
e. melting said thermoplastics;
f. injecting said thermoplastics into a chaotic mixing device at a controlled flow rate to yield a melt of a predetermined composition;
g. operating said chaotic mixer so as to instill chaotic advection;
h. maintaining said melt in said chaotic mixer for a processing period;
i. discharging said melt;
j. cooling said extruded melt and preparing said melt for additional processing, including shipping.