Microvolume device employing fluid movement by centrifugal force
A microfluidic device comprising: a substrate shaped so as to provide the device with an axis of rotation about which the device may be rotated; and a plurality of microvolumes at least partially defined by the substrate, each microvolume comprising a first submicrovolume and a second submicrovolume that is in fluid communication with the first submicrovolume when the device is rotated, the plurality of microvolumes being arranged in the device such that fluid in the first submicrovolumes of multiple of the microvolumes is transported to the second submicrovolumes of the associated microvolumes when the device is rotated about the rotational axis.
1. A microfluidic method comprising:
taking a microfluidic device comprising a substrate, and a plurality of microvolumes at least partially defined by the substrate, each microvolume comprising a first and a second submicrovolume where the first and second submicrovolumes are in fluid communication with each other when the device is rotated about a rotational axis of the device; and
forming a plurality of crystallization experiments within the device where the crystallization experiments are formed, at least in part, by adding fluid to a plurality of the first submicrovolumes; and
rotating the device about the rotational axis of the device to cause fluid in the first submicrovolumes to be transferred to the second submicrovolumes;
wherein the volume of fluid delivered from the first submicrovolume to the second microvolume of a given microvolume upon rotation of the device is within 25% of the other microvolumes when a same volume of fluid is added to the different first submicrovolumes.
2. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein the device comprises a mechanism at the rotational axis that facilitates the device being rotated about the rotational axis.
3. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein a center of mass of the device is at the rotational axis and the substrate defines a groove or hole at the rotational axis that is at least partially used to hold the device as it is rotated about the rotational axis.
4. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein the device is disc shaped, the substrate defining a groove or hole at the rotational axis of the disc that is at least partially used to hold the device as it is rotated about the rotational axis.
5. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein at least 0.01 g is applied to fluid in the first submicrovolumes during rotation of the device to cause fluid from the first submicrovolumes to be transferred to the second submicrovolumes.
6. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein at least 0.1 g is applied to fluid in the first submicrovolumes during rotation of the device to cause fluid from the first submicrovolumes to be transferred to the second submicrovolumes.
7. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein at least 1 g is applied to fluid in the first submicrovolumes during rotation of the device to cause fluid from the first submicrovolumes to be transferred to the second submicrovolumes.
8. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein at least 10 g is applied to fluid in the first submicrovolumes during rotation of the device to cause fluid from the first submicrovolumes to be transferred to the second submicrovolumes.
9. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein at least 100 g is applied to fluid in the first submicrovolumes during rotation of the device to cause fluid from the first submicrovolumes to be transferred to the second submicrovolumes.
10. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein the device is rotated at least 10 rpm.
11. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein the device is rotated at least 50 rpm.
12. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein the device is rotated at least 100 rpm.
13. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein the second submicrovolumes are lumens having a cross sectional diameter of less than 2.5 mm.
14. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein the second submicrovolumes are lumens having a cross sectional diameter of less than 1 mm.
15. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein the second submicrovolumes are lumens having a cross sectional diameter of less than 500 microns.
16. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein fluid is added to at least 4 different first submicrovolumes and transferred to the associated second submicrovolumes during rotation.
17. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein fluid is added to at least 8 different first submicrovolumes and transferred to the associated second submicrovolumes during rotation.
18. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein fluid is added to at least 12 different first submicrovolumes and transferred to the associated second submicrovolumes during rotation.
19. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein fluid is added to at least 24 different first submicrovolumes and transferred to the associated second submicrovolumes during rotation.
20. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein fluid is added to at least 96 different first submicrovolumes and transferred to the associated second submicrovolumes during rotation.
21. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein fluid is added to at least 200 different first submicrovolumes and transferred to the associated second submicrovolumes during rotation.
22. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein the volume of fluid delivered from the first submicrovolume to the second microvolume of a given microvolume upon rotation of the device is within 10% of the volume of fluid delivered from the first submicrovolumes to the second microvolumes of any other microvolumes when a same volume of fluid is added to the different first submicrovolumes.
23. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein the volume of fluid delivered from the first submicrovolume to the second microvolume of a given microvolume upon rotation of the device is within 5% of the volume of fluid delivered from the first submicrovolumes to the second microvolumes of any other microvolumes when a same volume of fluid is added to the different first submicrovolumes.
24. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein the volume of fluid delivered from the first submicrovolume to the second microvolume of a given microvolume upon rotation of the device is within 2% of the volume of fluid delivered from the first submicrovolumes to the second microvolumes of any other microvolumes when a same volume of fluid is added to the different first submicrovolumes.
25. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein the volume of fluid delivered from the first submicrovolume to the second microvolume of a given microvolume upon rotation of the device is within 1% of the volume of fluid delivered from the first submicrovolumes to the second microvolumes of any other microvolumes when a same volume of fluid is added to the different first submicrovolumes.
26. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein the method is performed as part of performing an array crystallization trial.
27. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein the crystallization is a crystallization of a protein.
28. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein the crystallization is a crystallization of a macromolecule with a molecular weight of at least 500 Daltons.
29. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein the crystallization is a crystallization of a member selected from the group consisting of viruses, proteins, peptides, nucleosides, nucleotides, ribonucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acids.
30. A microfluidic method according to claim 1 wherein the crystallization is a crystallization of more than one member selected from the group consisting of viruses, proteins, peptides, nucleosides, nucleotides, ribonucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acids, small molecules, inhibitors, substrates, drugs, putative drugs, inorganic compounds, metal salts, organometallic compounds and elements.