7-Alkylidene-3-substituted-3-cephem-4-carboxylates as β-lactamase inhibitors
The invention provides compounds of formula (I): wherein: R 1 -R 4 and A have any of the values defined in the specification, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are useful for inhibiting β-lactamase enzymes, for enhancing the activity of β-lactam antibiotics, and for treating β-lactam resistant bacterial infections in a mammal. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions, processes for preparing compounds of formula (I), wherein R 1 and R 2 are each independently hydrogen, (C 1 -C 10 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 10 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 10 )alkenyl, (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 10 )alkoxy, (C 1 -C 10 )alkanoyl, (C 1 -C 10 )alkanoyloxy, (C 1 -C 10 )alkoxycarbonyl, aryl, heterocycle, halo, cyano, nitro, —COOR e , —C(═O)NR f R g , —OC(═O)NR f R g , NR f R g , or —S(O) n R h ; R 3 is hydrogen, halo, aryl, heteroaryl, —S(O) n R h , or —CH═CHC(═O)NR m R p ; R 4 is hydrogen; A is thio, sulfinyl, or sulfonyl; and intermediates useful for the synthesis of compounds of formula (I).
1. A compound of formula (I):
wherein:
R 1 and R 2 are each independently hydrogen, (C 1 -C 10 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 10 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 10 )alkynyl, (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 10 )alkoxy, (C 1 -C 10 )alkanoyl, (C 1 -C 10 )alkanoyloxy, (C 1 -C 10 )alkoxycarbonyl, aryl, heterocycle, halo, cyano, nitro, —COOR e , —C(═O)NR f R g , —OC(═O)NR f R g , NR f R g , or —S(O) n R h ;
R 3 is hydrogen, bromo, iodo, aryl, heteroaryl, or —S(O) n R h ;
R 4 is hydrogen;
A is thio, sulfinyl, or sulfonyl;
each n is independently 0, 1, or 2;
each R o is independently hydrogen, or (C 1 -C 10 )alkyl;
each R f and R g is independently hydrogen, (C 1 -C 10 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 10 )alkoxy, phenyl, benzyl, phenethyl, (C 1 -C 10 )alkanoyl, or —C(═O)NR wherein Q and the N atom to which it is attached forms a ring containing from 2-20 carbon atoms, optionally containing a nitrogen atom in the ring —NR 6 —;
each R h is independently (C 1 -C 10 )alkyl, or phenyl;
R m is hydrogen or (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl; and
R m is hydrogen, and R p is NH 2 , OH, (C 2 -C 10 )cycloalkyl, or —(C 2 -C 10 )alkyl-NH 2 ; or R m and R p together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, pyrrolidine, or piperazine ring, wherein the piperazine is substituted at the 4-position with hydrogen or a (C 1 -C 10 )alkyl;
wherein any (C 1 -C 10 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 10 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 10 )alkynyl, (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 10 )alkoxy, (C 1 -C 10 )alkanoyl, (C 10 -C 10 )alkanoyloxy, or (C 1 -C 10 )alkoxycarbonyl of R 1 or R 2 is optionally substituted with one or more, substituents independently selected from halo, hydroxy, cyano, cyanato, nitro, mercapto, oxo, aryl, heterocycle, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, (C 1 -C 6 )alkanoyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkanoyloxy, aryl(C 1 -C 6 )alkanoyloxy, halo(C 1 -C 6 )alkanoyloxy, heterocycle(C 1 -C 6 )alkanoyloxy, aryloxy, (heterocycle)oxy, (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl, —COOR e , —C(═O)NR f R g , —OC(═O)NR f R g , —NR h R i , or —S(O) n R h ; and
wherein any aryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halo, hydroxy, cyano, trifluoromethyl, nitro, trifluoromethoxy, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkanoyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkanoyloxy, (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxycarbonyl, —COOR c , —C(═O)NR f R g , —OC(═O)NR f R g , NR h R i , or —S(O) n R h ; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
2. The compound of claim 1 wherein R 1 is aryl, heterocycle, or —COOR e .
3. The compound of claim 1 wherein R 1i is 2-pyridyl, or —COOR e .
4. The compound of claim 1 wherein R 2 is hydrogen.
5. The compound of claim 1 wherein R 3 is hydrogen.
6. The compound of claim 1 wherein R 3 is bromo.
7. The compound of claim 1 wherein R 3 is iodo.
8. The compound of claim 1 wherein R 3 is aryl.
9. The compound of claim 1 wherein R 3 is phenyl.
10. The compound of claim 1 wherein R 3 is heteroaryl.
11. The compound of claim 1 wherein R 3 is 2-thienyl.
12. The compound of claim 1 wherein R 3 is S(O) n R h .
13. The compound of claim 1 wherein R 3 is S(O) 2 R h .
14. The compound of claim 13 wherein R h is methyl or phenyl.
15. The compound of claim 1 wherein R 3 is SR h .
16. The compound of claim 15 wherein R h is methyl or phenyl.
17. The compound of claim 1 wherein R 3 is hydrogen, halo, aryl, heteroaryl, or —S(O) n R h .
18. The compound of claim 1 wherein A is sulfonyl.
19. The compound of claim 1 wherein A is sulfonyl; R 1 is 2-pyridyl, carboxy or tert-butoxy carbonyl; R 2 is hydrogen; and R 3 is hydrogen iodo, SPh, —SO 2 Ph, SMe, —SO 2 Me, or thiophene-2-yl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
20. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 1 ; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
21. The composition of claim 20 further comprising a β-lactam antibiotic.
22. A method comprising inhibiting a β-lactamase by contacting said β-lactamase with an effective amount of a compound of claim 1 .
23. A therapeutic method comprising inhibiting a Type-A, C, or D β-lactamase in a mammal in need of such therapy, by administering an effective inhibitory amount of a compound of claim 1 .
24. A therapeutic method comprising enhancing the activity of a β-lactam antibiotic, by administering the β-lactam antibiotic to a mammal in need thereof, in combination with an effective β-lactamase inhibiting amount of a compound of claim 1 .
25. A therapeutic method comprising treating a β-lactam resistant bacterial infection in a mammal, by administering to the mammal an effective amount of a β-lactam antibiotic, in combination with an effective β-lactamase inhibiting amount of a compound of claim 1 .
26. A compound of formula (I):
wherein:
R 1 and R 2 are each independently hydrogen, (C 1 -C 10 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 10 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 10 )alkynyl, (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 10 )alkoxy, (C 1 -C 10 )alkanoyl, (C 1 -C 10 )alkanoyloxy, (C 1 -C 10 )alkoxycarbonyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, halo, cyano, nitro, —COOR e , —C(═O)NR f R g , —OC(═O)NR f R g , NR f R g , or —S(O) n R h ;
R 3 is —Sn(R) 3 wherein each R is (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl;
R 4 is hydrogen or a protecting group;
A is thio, sulfinyl, or sulfonyl;
each n is independently 0, 1, or 2;
each R c is independently hydrogen, or (C 1 -C 10 )alkyl;
each R f and R g is independently hydrogen, (C 1 -C 10 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 10 )alkoxy, phenyl, benzyl, phenethyl, (C 1 -C 10 )alkanoyl, or —C(═Q)NQ; wherein Q and the N atom to which it is attached forms a ring containing from 2-20 carbon atoms, optionally containing a nitrogen atom in the ring, —NR e ;
each R h is independently (C 1 -C 10 )alkyl, or phenyl;
R 4 is hydrogen or (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl; and
wherein any (C 1 -C 10 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 10 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 10 )alkynyl, (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 10 )alkoxy, C 1 -C 10 )alkanoyl, (C 1 -C 10 )alkanoyloxy, or (C 1 -C 10 )alkoxycarbonyl of R 1 or R 2 is optionally substituted with one or more, substituents independently selected from halo, hydroxy, cyano, cyanato, nitro, mercapto, oxo, aryl, heterocycle, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, ( 1 -C 6 )alkanoyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkanoyloxy, aryl(C 1 -C 6 )alkanoyloxy, halo(C 1 -C 6 )alkanoyloxy, heterocycle(C 1 -C 6 )alkanoyloxy, aryloxy, (heterocycle)oxy, (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl, —COOR e , —C(═O)NR f R g , —OC(═O)NR f R g , —NR h R i , or —S(O) n R h ; and
wherein any aryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halo, hydroxy, cyano, trifluoromethyl, nitro, trifluoromethoxy, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkanoyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkanoyloxy, (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxycarbonyl, —COOR e , —C(O)NR f R g , —OC(═O)NR f R g , NR h R i , —S(O) n R h ; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.