Polymer containing 9-oxo-9-phosphafluorene-2,7-diyl skeleton in backbone and process for producing the same

1. A polymer that contains in the backbone a 9-oxo-9-phosphafluorene-2,7-diyl skeleton or a combination of the skeleton and a vinylene or arylene skeleton of the following general formula [I]:

wherein —Q— represents a single bond, —Ar— (Ar is an arylene group), or a vinylene group of the following general formula [II]:

in which R′ represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally-substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl group, a cyano group, or an alkoxycarbonyl group, and it may bond to any carbon of the olefin chain in the formula;

R represents a hydrogen atom, or an optionally-substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, alkoxy, cycloalkyloxy, aralkyloxy or aryloxy group; and n indicates an integer of from 3 to 30000.

2. The polymer as claimed in claim 1 , for which -Q- in formula [I] is a single bond and which is represented by the following general formula [III]:

(wherein R and n have the same meanings as above).

3. The polymer as claimed in claim 1 , for which -Q- in formula [I] is —Ar— and which is represented by the following general formula [IV]:

(wherein Ar, R and n have the same meanings as above).

4. The polymer as claimed in claim 1 , for which -Q- in formula [I] is the vinylene group of formula [II] and which is represented by the following general formula [V]:

(wherein R′, R and n have the same meanings as above).

5. A process for producing the polymer of claim 1 , which comprises dehalo-polycondensing a 2,7-dihalo-9-oxo-9-phosphafluoene of the following general formula [VI]:

(wherein R and X have the same meanings as above), or reacting it with an arylenebisboronic acid followed by polycondensing the resulting intermediate, or polycondensing it with an olefin.

6. The production process as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the polycondensation is effected in the presence of a transition metal-based chemical substance.

7. The production process as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the transition metal-based chemical substance is a low-valence transition metal-based chemical substance.

8. The production process as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the polycondensation is effected in the presence of the low-valence transition metal-based chemical substance formed by adding a reducing agent to a transition metal-based chemical substance of which the valence is not low.

9. The production process as claimed in any of claims 6 to 8 , wherein the transition metal is nickel.

10. The production process as claimed in any of claims 6 to 8 , wherein the transition metal is palladium.

11. A process for producing the polymer of claim 2 , which comprises dehalo-polycondensation of the 2,7-dihalo-9-oxo-9-phosphafluorene of formula [VI].

12. The production process as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the polycondensation is effected in the presence of a transition metal-based chemical substance.

13. The production process as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the transition metal-based chemical substance is a low-valence transition metal-based chemical substance.

14. The production process as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the polycondensation is effected in the presence of the low-valence transition metal-based chemical substance formed by adding a reducing agent to a transition metal-based chemical substance of which the valence is not low.

15. The production process as claimed in any of claims 12 to 14 , wherein the transition metal is nickel.

16. A process for producing the polymer of claim 3 , which comprises polycondensation of the 2,7-dihalo-9-oxo-9-phosphafluorene of formula [VI] with an arylenebisboronic acid of the following general formula [VII]:

(HO) 2 B—Ar—B(OH) 2   [VII]

wherein Ar has the same meaning as above.

17. The production process as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the polycondensation is effected in the presence of a palladium catalyst.

18. The production process as claimed in claim 17 , wherein the palladium catalyst is a low-valance complex catalyst.

19. The production process as claimed in claim 17 , wherein the palladium catalyst is a divalent complex with a ligand of a tertiary phosphine or tertiary phosphite.

20. The production process as claimed in claim 17 , wherein the palladium catalyst is a precursor complex capable of being readily converted into a low-valence complex in the reaction system.

21. The production process as claimed in claim 17 , wherein the palladium catalyst is a low-valence complex with a ligand of tertiary phosphine and/or tertiary phosphite that is formed from a combination of a palladium complex not having a ligand of a tertiary phosphine or tertiary phosphite, and a tertiary phosphine and/or a tertiary phosphite in the reaction system.

22. A process for producing the polymer of claim 4 , which comprises polycondensation of the 2,7-dihalo-9-oxo-9-phosphafluorene of formula [VI] with an olefin of the following general formula [VIII]:

(wherein R′ has the same meaning as above).

23. The production process as claimed in claim 22 , wherein the olefin is ethylene.

24. The production process as claimed in claim 22 or 23 , wherein the polycondensation is effected in the presence of a transition metal-based chemical substance.

25. The production process as claimed in claim 24 , wherein the transition metal-based chemical substance is a low-valence transition metal-based chemical substance.

26. The production process as claimed in claim 25 , wherein the polycondensation is effected in the presence of the low-valence transition metal-based chemical substance formed by adding a reducing agent to a transition metal-based chemical substance of which the valence is not low.

27. The production process as claimed in claim 24 , wherein the transition metal is palladium.

28. The production process as claimed in claim 27 , wherein the palladium catalyst is a divalent complex with a ligand of a tertiary phosphine or tertiary phosphite.

29. The production process as claimed in claim 27 , wherein the palladium catalyst is a precursor complex capable of being readily converted into a low-valence complex in the reaction system.

30. The production process as claimed in claim 27 , wherein the palladium catalyst is a low-valence complex with a ligand of tertiary phosphine and/or tertiary phosphite that is formed from a combination of a palladium complex not having a ligand of a tertiary phosphine or tertiary phosphite, and a tertiary phosphine and/or a tertiary phosphite in the reaction system.

31. A luminescent or electrochromic element that comprises a polymer having a 9-oxo-9-phosphafluorene-2,7-diyl skeleton of the following general formula [I]:

(wherein -Q-, R and n have the same meanings as above).

32. A process for producing a 2,7-dihalo-9-oxo-9-phosphaflorene compound of the following general formula [VI]:

(in which R has the same meaning as above; and X represents a halogen atom), which comprises halogenating a 9-oxo-9-phosphafluorene of the following general formula [IX]:

(in which R represents a hydrogen atom, or an optionally-substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, alkoxy, cycloalkyloxy, aralkyloxy or aryloxy group), with a halogen molecule.

33. The production process as claimed in claim 32 , wherein the halogenation is effected in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst.

34. The production process as claimed in claim 33 , wherein the Lewis acid catalyst is a metal or a metal salt.

35. The production process as claimed in claim 34 , wherein the metal to form the Lewis acid catalyst is iron, aluminium or antimony.

36. A 2,7-dihalo-9-oxo-9-phosphafluoene compound of the following general formula [VI]

(wherein R and X have the same meanings as above).