Multilayer plastic substrates
A multilayer plastic substrate. The substrate comprises a plurality of thin film layers of at least one polymer, the plurality of thin film layers being adjacent to one another and having sufficient strength to be self-supporting, wherein the multilayer plastic substrate has an average visible light transmittance of greater than about 80%.
1. A method of making a multilayer plastic substrate, comprising:
providing a support;
depositing at least about 50 thin film layers of at least one polymer on the support so that the at least about 50 thin film layers have sufficient strength to be self-supporting to form the multilayer substrate; and
removing the support from the multilayer substrate,
wherein the multilayer plastic substrate has an average visible light transmittance of greater than about 80%, and wherein the multilayer plastic substrate has a surface roughness of less than about 10 nm.
2. The method claim 1 , wherein the multilayer plastic substrate has an average visible light transmittance of greater than about 85%.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multilayer plastic substrate has an average visible light transmittance of greater than about 90%.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multilayer plastic substrate has a peak visible light transmittance of greater than about 85%.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multilayer plastic substrate has a peak visible light transmittance of greater than about 90%.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thin film layers are deposited in a vacuum.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the thin film layers are deposited in the vacuum by flash evaporation.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein depositing at least about 50 thin film layers of at least one polymer on the support so that the at least about 50 thin film layers have sufficient strength to be self-supporting to form the multilayer substrate comprises:
flash evaporating a polymer precursor;
condensing the polymer precursor on the support as a liquid film; and
cross-linking the polymer precursor to form the polymer.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the polymer precursor is cross-linked by curing the polymer precursor using a process selected from ultraviolet radiation curing, electron beam radiation curing, x-ray radiation curing, glow discharge ionization, and spontaneous thermally induced curing.
10. The method claim 1 , wherein depositing at least about 50 thin film layers of at least one polymer on the support so that the at least about 50 thin film layers have sufficient strength to be self-supporting to form the multilayer substrate comprises:
extruding a layer of polymer precursor on the support; and
crosslinking the polymer precursor to form the polymer.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the polymer precursor is cross-linked by curing the polymer precursor using a process selected from ultraviolet radiation curing, electron beam radiation curing, x-ray radiation curing, glow discharge ionization, and spontaneous thermally induced curing.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein depositing at least about 50 thin film layers of at least one polymer on the support so that the at least about 50 thin film layers have sufficient strength to be self-supporting to form the multilayer substrate comprises:
casting a layer of polymer precursor on the support; and
cross-linking the polymer precursor to form the polymer.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the polymer precursor is cross-linked by curing the polymer precursor using a process selected from ultraviolet radiation curing, electron beam radiation curing, x-ray radiation curing, glow discharge ionization, and spontaneous thermally induced curing.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein depositing at least about 50 thin film layers of at least one polymer on the support so that the at least about 50 thin film layers have sufficient strength to be self-supporting to form the multilayer substrate comprises:
spraying a layer of polymer precursor on the support; and
cross-linking the polymer precursor to form the polymer.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the polymer precursor is cross-linked by curing the polymer precursor using a process selected from ultraviolet radiation curing, electron beam radiation curing, x-ray radiation curing, glow discharge ionization, and spontaneous thermally induced curing.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multilayer plastic substrate comprises at least about 100 thin film layers.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the multilayer plastic substrate comprises at least about 500 thin film layers.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the multilayer plastic substrate comprises at least about 1000 thin film layers.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multilayer plastic substrate is at least about 0.001 inches thick.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multilayer plastic substrate is at least about 0.004 inches thick.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein each thin film layer is less than about 50 μm thick.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein each thin film layer is less than about 5 μm thick.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein each thin film layer is in the range of about 0.005 to about 2 μm thick.
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein each thin film layer is in the range of about 0.2 to about 0.3 μm thick.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one polymer is selected from (meth)acrylates, polystyrenes, methyl styrene-containing polymers, fluorinated polymers, polycarbonates, polysulfones, polyethersulfones, polyimides, polyamides, and polyether naphthenates, and combinations thereof.
26. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass transition temperature of the at least one polymer is greater than about 150° C.
27. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass transition temperature of the at least one polymer is greater than about 200° C.
28. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multilayer plastic substrate has a surface roughness of less than about 2 nm.
29. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multilayer plastic substrate has a refractive index of greater than about 1.5.
30. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multilayer plastic substrate has a refractive index of greater than about 1.4.
31. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multilayer plastic substrate is flexible.
32. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multilayer plastic substrate is rigid.
33. The method of claim 1 , further comprising depositing at least one barrier stack adjacent to the multilayer plastic substrate.
34. The method of claim 33 , where the at least one barrier stack comprises at least one barrier layer and at least one polymer layer.
35. The method of claim 34 , wherein at least one of the at least one barrier layers comprises a material selected from metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal carbides, metal oxynitrides, metal oxyborides, and combinations thereof.
36. The method of claim 35 , wherein the metal oxides are selected from silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, indium tin oxide, tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, niobium oxide, and combinations thereof.
37. The method of claim 35 , wherein the metal nitrides are selected from aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, boron nitride, and combinations thereof.
38. The method of claim 35 , wherein the metal oxynitrides are selected from aluminum oxynitride, silicon oxynitride, boron oxynitride, and combinations thereof.
39. The method of claim 1 , further comprising depositing a scratch resistant layer adjacent to the multilayer plastic substrate.
40. The method of claim 1 , further comprising depositing an antireflective coating adjacent to the multilayer plastic substrate.
41. The method of claim 1 , further comprising depositing an antifingerprint coating adjacent to the multilayer plastic substrate.
42. The method of claim 1 , further comprising depositing an antistatic coating adjacent to the multilayer plastic substrate.
43. The method of claim 1 , further comprising depositing a conductive coating adjacent to the multilayer plastic substrate.
44. The method of claim 43 , wherein the conductive coating is an indium tin oxide coating.
45. The method of claim 8 , wherein flash evaporating comprises:
supplying a continuous liquid flow of the polymer precursor into a vacuum environment at a temperature below both the decomposition temperature and the polymerization temperature of the polymer precursor;
continuously atomizing the polymer precursor into a continuous flow of droplets; and
continuously vaporizing the droplets by continuously contacting the droplets on a heated surface having a temperature at or above a boiling point of the polymer precursor, but below a pyrolysis temperature, forming an evaporate.
46. The method of claim 45 wherein the droplets range in size from about 1 micrometer to about 50 micrometers.
47. The method of claim 8 wherein flash evaporating comprises:
supplying a continuous liquid flow of the polymer precursor into a vacuum environment at a temperature below both the decomposition temperature and the polymerization temperature of the polymer precursor; and
continuously directly vaporizing the liquid flow of the polymer precursor by continuously contacting the polymer precursor on a heated surface having a temperature at or above a boiling point of the polymer precursor, but below a pyrolysis temperature, forming the evaporate.
48. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multilayer plastic substrate has a surface roughness of less than about 5 nm.