Reduction of truncation loss of a tapered active waveguide
A semiconductor optical device comprises an active waveguide having a tapered portion, and a passive waveguide extending beyond the end of the active waveguide and optically coupled to the tapered portion of the active waveguide. The passive waveguide beyond the end of the active waveguide supports an optical mode of larger size than the optical mode supported by the active waveguide. The tapered portion of the active waveguide is truncated and the separation between the active waveguide and the passive waveguide is greater than in previously known devices in order to minimize or at least reduce the truncation loss at the truncation.
1. A semiconductor optical device comprising:
an active waveguide having a tapered portion; and
a passive waveguide extending beyond the end of the active waveguide and optically coupled to the tapered portion of the active waveguide, the passive waveguide beyond the end of the active waveguide supporting an optical mode of larger size than the optical mode supported by the active waveguide,
wherein the tapered portion of the active waveguide is truncated and the separation between the active waveguide and the passive waveguide provides a coupling loss between the active waveguide and the passive waveguide which is at most 0.5 dB above the minimum coupling loss provided by a device having the same construction except with an optimum separation between the active waveguide and passive waveguide which minimizes the coupling loss between the active waveguide and the passive waveguide.
2. A semiconductor optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the separation between the active waveguide and the passive waveguide provides a coupling loss between the active waveguide and the passive waveguide which is at most 0.2 dB above the minimum coupling loss provided by the optimum separation.
3. A semiconductor optical device according to claim 2 , wherein the active waveguide comprises active material which is one selected from the group consisting of bulk material and multi-quantum well material.
4. A semiconductor optical device according to claim 2 , wherein the active waveguide comprises a layer of active material surrounded by further material having a lower refractive index than the active material.
5. A semiconductor optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the active waveguide comprises at least one layer of active material, the width of at least one layer of active material being tapered in the tapered portion.
6. A semiconductor optical device according to claim 5 , wherein the tapered portion of the active waveguide is truncated with a truncation width of one of at least 0.05 μm and at least 0.1 μm.
7. A semiconductor optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the active waveguide comprises a single layer of active material.
8. A semiconductor optical device according to claim 7 , wherein the thickness of the layer of active material is at least 0.2 μm.
9. A semiconductor optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the passive waveguide comprises at least one layer overlapping the tapered portion of the active waveguide and extending beyond the active waveguide.
10. A semiconductor optical device according to claim 9 , wherein at least one layer of the passive waveguide extends along the entire length of the active waveguide.
11. A semiconductor optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the separation between the active waveguide and the passive waveguide provides a coupling loss between the active waveguide and the passive waveguide which is at most 0.1 dB above the minimum coupling loss provided by the optimum separation.
12. A semiconductor optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the passive waveguide comprises a single layer of passive material.
13. A semiconductor optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor chip has a base material comprising In and P.
14. A semiconductor optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor optical device is a semiconductor optical amplifier.
15. A semiconductor optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the active waveguide and the passive waveguide have a separation greater than 0.2 μm.
16. A semiconductor optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the active waveguide and the passive waveguide have a separation greater than 0.3 μm or greater.
17. A semiconductor optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the active waveguide and the passive waveguide have a separation of 0.4 μm or greater.
18. A semiconductor optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the active waveguide and the passive waveguide have a separation of 0.5 μm or greater.
19. A semiconductor optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the passive waveguide comprises a layer of passive material surrounded by further material having a lower refractive index than the passive material.