Method for reducing microbe content in foodstuffs by pH and physical manipulation
A manipulating apparatus ( 10 ) receives a plurality of previously frozen pieces of pH modified foodstuffs or workpieces ( 23 ) and physically manipulates or stresses the workpieces while they remain in a frozen state. The physical manipulation causes relative movement between various points within the volume of the workpieces ( 23 ) and kills microbes within the foodstuff. One preferred pH modifying arrangement includes a supply of NH 3 gas ( 11 ) and a pump ( 9 ) for placing the comminuted foodstuffs to be processed and the NH 3 gas together under an operating pressure for a period of time sufficient to increase the pH of the foodstuffs.
1. A process including the steps of:
(a) reducing the temperature of a pH modified foodstuff to a temperature below the freezing point of the pH modified foodstuff; and
(b) physically manipulating the pH modified foodstuff to produce relative movement between points throughout a portion of the pH modified foodstuff while that portion is at the temperature below the freezing point of the pH modified foodstuff.
2. The process of claim 1 further including the step of modifying the pH of a comminuted foodstuff to produce the pH modified foodstuff.
3. The process of claim 2 wherein the step of modifying the pH of the comminuted foodstuff to produce the pH modified foodstuff comprises placing the comminuted foodstuff in contact with NH 3 gas.
4. The process of claim 2 wherein the step of modifying the pH of the comminuted foodstuff to produce the pH modified foodstuff comprises placing the comminuted foodstuff in contact with a solution of NH 3 in water.
5. The process of claim 2 wherein the step of modifying the pH of the comminuted foodstuff to produce the pH modified foodstuff comprises reducing the fat content of the comminuted foodstuff.
6. The process of claim 1 further including the step of forming the pH modified foodstuff into at least one workpiece prior to the step of producing relative movement between points throughout the portion of the pH modified foodstuff.
7. A process including:
(a) receiving at a physical manipulating apparatus, a pH modified foodstuff at a temperature below the freezing point of the pH modified foodstuff; and
(b) physically manipulating the pH modified foodstuff to produce relative movement between points substantially throughout the pH modified foodstuff while the pH modified foodstuff is at a respective temperature below the freezing point of the pH modified foodstuff.
8. The process of claim 7 further including the step of placing an initial foodstuff in contact with a pH increasing material to produce the pH modified foodstuff.
9. The process of claim 8 wherein the pH increasing material includes NH 3 gas.
10. The process of claim 8 wherein the pH increasing material includes ammonia in solution with water.
11. The process of claim 7 wherein physically manipulating the pH modified foodstuff includes passing the pH modified foodstuff between two rollers spaced apart a distance less than a thickness of the pH modified foodstuff.
12. The process of claim 7 wherein the step of physically manipulating the pH modified foodstuff includes compressing the pH modified foodstuff between two plates.
13. The process of claim 12 further including pressing the pH modified foodstuff into a substantially solid block of frozen material.
14. A process including:
(a) receiving at a physical manipulating apparatus, a pH modified foodstuff at a temperature below the freezing point of the pH modified foodstuff; and
(b) physically manipulating the pH modified foodstuff to produce relative movement between points throughout a portion of the pH modified foodstuff while that portion is at the temperature below the freezing point of the pH modified foodstuff.
15. The process of claim 14 further including the step of placing an initial foodstuff in contact with a pH increasing material to produce the pH modified foodstuff.
16. The process of claim 15 wherein the pH increasing material includes NH 3 gas.
17. The process of claim 15 wherein the pH increasing material includes ammonia in solution with water.
18. The process of claim 14 wherein physically manipulating the pH modified foodstuff includes passing the pH modified foodstuff between two rollers spaced apart a distance less than a thickness of the pH modified foodstuff.
19. The process of claim 14 wherein of physically manipulating the pH modified foodstuff includes compressing the pH modified foodstuff between two plates.
20. The process of claim 19 further including pressing the pH modified foodstuff into a substantially solid block of frozen material.