Devices, installations and methods for improved fluid flow measurement in a conduit
Differential pressure measurement devices, installations and methods are disclosed, the devices including a main body and retainer. The main body is characterized by a front portion having a substantially constant curvilinear flow facing front surface, a rear portion, and a substantially constant diameter portion between the front portion and the rear portion. The rear portion includes relatively larger and smaller diameter termini. The installation of this invention is maintained in a fluid flow containing conduit and includes a pipe section affixed between sections of the conduit. The device is concentrically located in the otherwise unobstructed flow path defined by the pipe section, with the device retainer downstream of all measurement ports, and obstructs fluid flow thereat to establish annular flow therearound having predictable characteristics.
1. A device for establishing annular fluid flow in a conduit at a differential pressure measurement station for improving consistency and predictability of fluid flow measurements, said device comprising:
a main body including a front spherical portion having a constantly curvilinear flow facing surface configured to substantially obstruct and redirect fluid flow thereat, a rear portion having relatively larger and smaller diameter termini, and a substantially constant diameter portion extending from behind said front spherical portion to said relatively larger diameter terminus of said rear portion; and
a retainer located adjacent said relatively smaller diameter terminus of said rear portion of said main body to concentrically locate said main body in the conduit.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein said front portion is hemispherical.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein said front portion includes a ring thereat for causing laminar fluid boundary layer turbulence.
4. The device of claim 1 wherein said main body and said retainer are configured so that said main body is readily releasable from said retainer so that main bodies having different diameters can be interchanged at the measurement station.
5. The device of claim 1 wherein said main body further includes a mounting portion at said relatively smaller diameter terminus of said rear portion of said main body having a hub thereat, and wherein said retainer includes a bore corresponding to said hub to thereby concentrically locate said main body relative to said retainer.
6. The device of claim 1 wherein said main body includes a stud adjacent said relatively smaller diameter terminus of said rear portion of said main body, said stud receivable through an opening through said retainer.
7. The device of claim 1 wherein said retainer includes a central mount for securement with said main body, an outer locator ring, and at least a first support extending between said mount and said locator ring.
8. An installation for improving fluid flow measurement in a conduit comprising a device for establishing annular fluid flow including a main body and a retainer, said device maintained in a pipe section having a substantially constant diameter that is substantially the same as diameter of the conduit, said retainer of said device located at said main body and said pipe section so that an unobstructed flow path is maintained in said pipe section upstream from said main body of said device and so that an unobstructed annular flow path is established between said main body of said device and said pipe section, said retainer of said device located at said pipe section so that a first pressure measurement port is one of upstream and facing upstream from said main body of said device and so that a second pressure measurement port is located at said annular flow path, said main body of said device including a front spherical portion without points or angles facing into said unobstructed flow path in said pipe section to direct flow to said annular flow path and control flow profile entering said annular flow path.
9. The installation of claim 8 wherein said front spherical Portion of said main body of said device is characterized by a constantly curvilinear flow facing front surface.
10. The installation of claim 8 wherein said main body of said device is characterized by a substantially constant diameter portion located at said annular flow path opposite said second port and having a length selected so that velocity profile of fluid flowing thereat is stabilized and linearized.
11. The installation of claim 8 wherein said main body of said device is characterized by a rear portion having relatively larger upstream and smaller downstream diameter termini to allow gradual expansion of fluid flowing thereat and thus reduce permanent pressure loss in the conduit.
12. The installation of claim 11 further comprising a third port in said pipe section upstream from said retainer and downstream from said second port, said third port adjacent to said annular flow path opposite said rear portion of said main body of said device.
13. The installation of claim 8 wherein said retainer of said device includes a central mount and an outer locator ring for securement at said pipe section, at least one of said main body and said central mount of said retainer including a stud and the other of said main body and said central mount of said retainer including an opening to accommodate releasable securement of said main body to said retainer.
14. The installation of claim 8 further comprising at least one additional first measurement port and at least one additional second pressure measurement port, all said first ports positioned upstream from said main body and all said second ports positioned at said annular flow path.
15. A method for improved fluid flow measurement in a conduit comprising the steps of:
establishing at the conduit an unobstructed substantially constant diameter flow path having a first measurement port thereat;
establishing immediately adjacent to said constant diameter flow path an unobstructed annular flow path downstream from said first measurement port by concentrically locating a spherical obstruction facing said constant diameter flow path, outside diameter of said annular flow path and said constant diameter flow path being substantially equivalent;
providing a second measurement port at a region of said annular flow path configured to stabilize and linearize velocity profile of fluid flowing thereat; and
gradually expanding said annular flow path downstream from said second measurement port.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein said spherical obstruction is characterized by a constantly curvilinear flow facing surface.
17. The method of claim 15 further comprising providing a third measurement port downstream from said second measurement port at a region of gradual expansion of said annular flow path.
18. The method of claim 15 wherein the steps of establishing an annular flow path and providing a second measurement port at a region of said annular flow path include following said obstruction with a substantially constant diameter portion in said constant diameter flow path and selecting length of said constant diameter portion of said obstruction to optimize stabilization and linearization.
19. The method of claim 15 further comprising causing laminar fluid boundary layer turbulence upon fluid entry to said annular flow path.
20. The method of claim 15 further comprising selectively altering inside diameter of said annular flow path.
21. The method of claim 15 further comprising reducing upstream straight run requirements for the conduit in advance of said first measurement port to as little as about three to five conduit diameters.
22. The method of claim 15 further comprising establishing flow coefficient prediction based on modeling thus eliminating the need for calibration.
23. The method of claim 22 wherein said flow coefficient remains constant, independent of Reynolds Number, over an operating range between maximum flow and minimum flow up to and exceeding about 10:1.