Process for antimicrobial treatment of fresh produce, particularly mushrooms
Preservative compositions using toxicologically acceptable ingredients, and employing a pH of 9.0 or above for at least part of the process, for reducing the initial population and controlling the growth of spoilage bacteria and human pathogens and for preventing unwanted color changes in fresh and processed produce, particularly mushrooms. Aqueous solutions of preservatives are prepared and applied in multiple stages to the mushrooms, by spraying or immersion. More specifically, disclosed is a method for preserving fresh and processed mushrooms, comprising the steps of: contacting the mushrooms with an antimicrobial solution having a pH of about 9.0 or above; and rinsing the mushrooms one or more times immediately after the contacting step with pH-neutralizing solutions having a pH sufficient to return the produce to its physiological pH. In a preferred embodiment, electrolyzed basic water is used in the first stage high-pH rinse step and electrolyzed acid water is used in the second stage neutralizing solution step. Tyrosinase inhibitors such as ascorbates, erythorbates, EDTA or calcium chloride are added to the neutralizing solutions to inhibit enzymatic browning.
1. A process for preserving fresh and processed mushrooms, comprising the steps of:
(a) contacting the mushrooms with a first antimicrobial solution comprising electrolyzed basic water having a pH of at least about 9.0;
(b) rinsing the mushrooms after said antimicrobial contacting step with a pH-neutralizing solution having a pH sufficient to return the mushrooms to the mushroom physiological pH of about 6.5,
wherein the neutralizing solution comprises an acidulant selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, erythorbic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid and combinations thereof.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the neutralizing solution comprises the acidulant in the range of 0.1 to 3 percent by weight and the pH of the neutralizing solution is in the range of 2 to 5.5.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the neutralizing solution comprises a browning inhibitor.
4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the browning inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of ascorbate, erythorbate, EDTA and calcium chloride.
5. The process of claim 3 , wherein the neutralizing solution comprises the browning inhibitor in the range of 1 to 4 percent by weight and the browning inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of ascorbate, erythorbate and a combination thereof.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the neutralizing solution comprises electrolyzed acidic water.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the acidulant is fumaric acid and the neutralizing solution further comprises sodium benzoate or benzoic acid.
8. The process of claim 1 , said process further comprising the step of:
(c) rinsing the mushrooms with a second pH-neutralizing solution comprising a browning inhibitor.
9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the browning inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of ascorbate, erythorbate, EDTA and calcium chloride.
10. A process for preserving a fresh produce product, comprising the steps of:
(a) contacting the fresh produce product with a first antimicrobial solution comprising electrolyzed basic water having a pH of at least about 9.0;
(b) rinsing the fresh produce products after said antimicrobial contacting step with a pH-neutralizing solution having a pH sufficient to return the surface pH of the fresh produce product to the physiological pH of the fresh produce product,
wherein the neutralizing solution comprises electrolyzed acidic water.
11. The process of claim 10 , wherein the neutralizing solution comprises a browning inhibitor.
12. The process of claim 11 , wherein the browning inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of ascorbate, erythorbate, EDTA and calcium chloride.
13. The process of claim 11 , wherein the neutralizing solution comprises the browning inhibitor in the range of 1 to 4 percent by weight and the browning inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of ascorbate, erythorbate and a combination thereof.
14. The process of claim 10 , wherein the neutralizing solution comprises an acidulant selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, erythorbic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid and combinations thereof.
15. The process of claim 14 , wherein the neutralizing solution comprises the acidulant in the range of 0.1 to 3 percent by weight and the pH of the neutralizing solution is in the range of 2 to 5.5.
16. The process of claim 14 , wherein the neutralizing solution comprises a browning inhibitor.
17. The process of claim 16 , wherein the browning inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of ascorbate, erythorbate, EDTA and calcium chloride.
18. The process of claim 16 , wherein the neutralizing solution comprises the browning inhibitor in the range of 1 to 4 percent by weight and the browning inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of ascorbate, erythorbate and a combination thereof.
19. The process of claim 10 , wherein the neutralizing solution further comprises fumaric acid and sodium benzoate.
20. The process of claim 10 , said process further comprising the step of:
(c) rinsing the fresh produce product with a second pH-neutralizing solution comprising a browning inhibitor.
21. The process of claim 20 , wherein the browning inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of ascorbate, erythorbate, EDTA and calcium chloride.
22. A process for preserving a fresh produce product, comprising the steps of:
(a) contacting the fresh produce product with a first antimicrobial solution having a pH of at least about 9.0;
(b) rinsing the fresh produce products after said antimicrobial contacting step with a pH-neutralizing solution comprising electrolyzed acidic water having a pH sufficient to return the surface pH of the fresh produce product to the physiological pH of the fresh produce product,
wherein the neutralizing solution comprises a browning inhibitor.
23. The process of claim 22 , wherein the browning inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of ascorbate, erythorbate, EDTA and calcium chloride.
24. The process of claim 22 , wherein the neutralizing solution comprises the browning inhibitor in the range of 1 to 4 percent by weight and the browning inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of ascorbate, erythorbate and a combination thereof.
25. The process of claim 22 , said process further comprising the step of:
(c) rinsing the mushrooms with a second pH-neutralizing solution comprising a browning inhibitor.
26. The process of claim 25 , wherein the browning inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of ascorbate, erythorbate, EDTA and calcium chloride.
27. A process for preserving fresh and processed mushrooms, comprising the steps of:
(a) contacting the mushrooms with a first microbial solution having a pH of at least about 9.0; and
(b) rinsing the mushrooms after said antimicrobial contacting step with a pH-neutralizing solution having a pH sufficient to return the mushrooms to the mushroom physiological oH of about 6.5 comprising an acidulent selected from the group consisting of citric acid, fumaric acid, benzoic acid and combinations thereof; and
wherein the neutralizing solution comprises electrolyzed acidic water.