Polyhydroxycarboxylic acid and its production process
Polyhydroxycarhoxylic acids are provided, which are controlled in terms of the rate of biodegradability, and give molded or otherwise formed articles that are of uniform quality with neither premature strength drop nor premature deterioration of retention of outside shape, and their production process is provided as well. The poly-hydroxycarboxylic acids are obtained by ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters. The polyhydroxy-carboxylic acids have a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 10,000 to 1,000,000, a molecular weight distribution in the range of 1.0 to 2.5 as represented by the weight-average molecular weight-to-number-average molecular weight ratio (Mw/Mn) and a yellowness index (YI) of 40 or less, and have a precisely controlled rate of biodegradability.
1. A polyglycolic acid obtained by ring-opening polymerization of glycolide or glycolide with other cyclic comonomer(s) in an amount of up to 10% by weight of all the charged monomers, which has the following properties (a) to (c):
(a) a weight-average molecular weight Mw in the range of 10,000 to 1,000,000,
(b) a molecular weight distribution in the range of 1.0 to 2.5 as represented by a weight-average molecular weight-to-number-average molecular weight ratio Mw/Mn, and
(c) a yellowness index YI of up to 40 as measured using a sheet obtained by press molding and crystallization of said polyglycolic acid.
2. The polyglycolic acid according to claim 1 , which has (d) a retention of melt viscosity of at least 40% as defined by a proportion of the viscosity (η 60 ) of said polyglycolic acid measured after a 60-minute retention at 250° C. to the initial viscosity (η 0 ) of said polyglycolic acid measured after a 5-minute preheating at 250° C. ((η 60 /η 0 )×100).
3. The polyglycolic acid according to claim 1 , wherein (e) when said polyglycolic acid is heated from 50° C. at a heating rate of 2° C. /min. in a nitrogen stream at a flow rate of 10 ml/min., a 1% weight loss from the polyglycolic acid weight at 50° C. occurs at a temperature not less than 200° C.
4. The polyglycolic acid according to claim 1 , which has (f) a melt viscosity in the range of 10 to 100,000 Pa·s as measured at a temperature of 240° C. and a shear rate of 122/second.
5. A polyglycolic acid obtained by ring-opening polymerization of glycolide or glycolide with other cyclic comonomer(s) in an amount of up to 10% by weight of all the charged monomers and having melt stability, which has:
(I) a retention of melt viscosity of at least 40% as defined by a proportion of the viscosity (η 60 ) of said polyglycolic acid measured after a 60-minute retention at 250° C. to the initial viscosity (η 0 ) of said polyglycolic acid measured after a 5-minute preheating at 250° C. ((η 60 /η 0 )×100), and
(II) a yellowness index (YI) of 40 or less as measured using a sheet obtained by press molding and crystallization of said polyglycolic acid.
6. The polyglycolic acid having melt stability according to claim 5 , wherein (III) when said polyglycolic acid is heated from 50° C. at a heating rate of 2° C. /min. in a nitrogen stream at a flow rate of 10 ml/min., a 1% loss from the polyglycolic acid weight at 50° C. occurs at a temperature not less than 200° C.
7. The polyglycolic acid having melt stability according to claim 5 , which has (LV) a melt viscosity in the range of 10 to 100,000 Pa·s as measured at a temperature of 240° C. and a shear rate of 122/second.
8. The polyglycolic acid having melt stability according to claim 5 , which has (V) a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 10,000 to 1,000,000 and a molecular weight distribution in the range of 1.0 to 2.5 as represented by a weight-average molecular weight-to-number-average molecular weight ratio (Mw/Mn).
9. A pellet of 1 to 10 mm in length and 1 to 10 mm in thickness, which is formed of the polyglycolic acid according to claim 5 .
10. A polyhydroxycarboxylic acid production process, comprising ring-opening polymerization of a cyclic ester at 120 to 250° C. for 3 minutes to 50 hours, and an additional polymerization that is carried out at a temperature 10 to 50° C. lower than the temperature for said ring-opening polymerization for 1 to 50 hours.
11. A polyhydroxycarboxylic acid production process, comprising ring-opening polymerization of a cyclic ester at 120 to 250° C. for 3 minutes to 50 hours, and an additional polymerization that is carried out at a temperature 10 to 50° C. lower than the temperature for said ring-opening polymerization for 1 to 50 hours, wherein a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid having:
(a) a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 10,000 to 1,000,000,
(b) a molecular weight distribution in the range of 1.0 to 2.5 as represented by a weight-average molecular weight-to-number-average molecular weight ratio (Mw/Mn), and
(c) a yellowness index (YI) of up to 40 as measured using a sheet obtained by press molding and crystallization of said polyhydroxycarboxylic acid is produced.
12. A process for producing a polyglycolic acid having melt stability, comprising steps of:
(1) subjecting glycolide or glycolide with other cyclic comonomer(s) in an amount of up to 10% by weight of all the charged monomers to ring-opening polymerization in a molten state at a temperature of 140 to 230° C.,
(2) converting a polymer product from the molten state to a solid state by (i) cooling the polymer down from the polymerization temperature at which the polymer is in the molten state, (ii) precipitating or crystallizing and solidifying the polymer by carrying out the molten-state polymerization at a temperature lower than the melting point of the final polymer, or (iii) adding a nucleating agent to the polymer, and
(3) hot kneading the solid-state polymer product with application of heat thereto at a temperature of 220 to 250° C. in a time range of 5 to 20 minutes.
13. The production process according to claim 12 , wherein the hot-kneading of the polymer at step (3) is carried out using a roll, a kneader or an extruder.
14. The production process according to claim 12 , wherein a polyglycolic acid having (I) a retention of melt viscosity of at least 40% as defined by a proportion of the viscosity (η 60 ) of said polyglycolic acid measured after a 60-minute retention at 250° C. to the initial viscosity (η 0 ) of said polyglycolic acid measured after a 5-minute preheating at 250° C. ((η 60 /η 0 )×100) is produced.
15. The production process according to claim 12 , wherein a polyglycolic acid having (II) a yellowness index (YI) of 40 or less as measured using a sheet obtained by press molding and crystallization of said polyglycolic acid is produced.
16. The production process according to claim 12 , wherein a polyglycolic acid wherein (III) when said polyglycolic acid is heated from 50° C. at a heating rate of 2° C. /min. in a nitrogen stream at a flow rate of 10 ml/min., a 1% loss from the polyglycolic acid weight at 50° C. occurs at a temperature not less than 200° C. is produced.
17. The production process according to claim 12 , wherein a polyglycolic acid having (IV) a melt viscosity in the range of 10 to 100,000 Pa·s as measured at a temperature of 240° C. and a shear rate of 122/second is produced.
18. The production process according to claim 12 , wherein a polyglycolic acid having (V) a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 10,000 to 1,000,000 and a molecular weight distribution in the range of 1.0 to 2.5 as represented by a weight-average molecular weight-to-number-average molecular weight ratio (Mw/Mn) is produced.
19. The production process according to claim 12 , which further comprises, between said steps (2) and (3), the following step: subjecting the polymer product to solid-phase polymerization at a temperature of 120° C. to less than 220° C. in a time range of 0.1 to 20 hours.
20. The production process according to claim 12 , wherein, at the hot kneading step (3), at least one heat stabilizer selected from the group consisting of metal activators, phosphates having a pentaerythritol skeleton structure, phosphorus compounds having at least one hydroxyl group and at least one long-chain alkyl ester group, and metal carbonates, is added to the solid-state polymer product.
21. A process for producing a polyglycolic acid having melt stability, comprising steps of:
(1) subjecting glycolide or glycolide with other cyclic comonomer(s) in an amount of up to 10% by weight of all the charged monomers to ring-opening polymerization in a molten state at a temperature of 140 to 230° C.,
(2) converting a polymer product from the molten state to a solid state by (i) cooling the polymer down from the polymerization temperature at which the polymer is in the molten state, (ii) precipitating or crystallizing and solidifying the polymer by carrying out the molten-state polymerization at a temperature lower than the melting point of the final polymer, or (iii) adding a nucleating agent to the polymer,
(3) subjecting the polymer product to solid-phase polymerization at a temperature of 120° C. to less than 220° C. in a time range of 0.1 to 20 hours, and
(4) hot kneading the solid-state polymer product with application of heat thereto at a temperature of 220 to 250° C. in a time range of 5 to 20 minutes.
22. A process for producing a polyglycolic acid having melt stability, comprising steps of:
(1) subjecting glycolide or glycolide with other cyclic comonomer(s) in an amount of up to 10% by weight of all the charged monomers to ring-opening polymerization in a molten state at a temperature of 140 to 230° C.,
(2) converting a polymer product from the molten state to a solid state by (i) cooling the polymer down from the polymerization temperature at which the polymer is in the molten state, (ii) precipitating or crystallizing and solidifying the polymer by carrying out the molten-state polymerization at a temperature lower than the melting point of the final polymer, or (iii) adding a nucleating agent to the polymer, and
(3) hot kneading the solid-state polymer product with application of heat thereto at a temperature of 220 to 250° C. in a time range of 5 to 20 minutes,
wherein, at the hot kneading step (3), at least one heat stabilizer selected from the group consisting of metal activators, phosphates having a pentaerythritol skeleton structure, phosphorus compounds having at least one hydroxyl group and at least one long-chain alkyl ester group, and metal carbonates, is added to the solid-state polymer product.