Hydrogen storage alloys providing for the reversible storage of hydrogen at low temperatures
A reversible hydrogen storage alloy capable of storing large amounts of hydrogen and delivering reversibly large amounts of hydrogen at temperatures ranging from 0° C. up to 40° C. The hydrogen storage alloy is generally composed of titanium, vanadium, and chromium. The alloy may further include manganese. Modifier elements such as zirconium, iron, nickel, molybdenum, ruthenium, and/or cobalt, and scavenger elements such as misch metal, calcium, and/or magnesium may be included in the alloy to improve performance.
1. A hydrogen storage alloy comprising;
a first phase and a secondary phase dispersed throughout said first phase;
said first phase comprising 10 to 40 atomic percent titanium, 0.5 to 80 atomic percent vanadium, 10 to 60 atomic percent chromium and greater than 0 to 15 atomic percent manganese;
said secondary phase comprising one or more oxides, nitrides, carbides, oxycarbides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides, or oxycarbonitrides, wherein said one or more oxides, nitrides, carbides, oxycarbides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides, or oxycarbonitrides each include at least one metal selected from magnesium or calcium;
said hydrogen storage alloy, at temperatures of 40° C. or less, reversibly storing at least 1.75 weight percent hydrogen and desorbing at least 60% of the maximum hydrogen storage capacity.
2. The hydrogen storage alloy according to claim 1 , wherein said first phase further comprises one or more modifier elements selected from cobalt, iron, nickel, copper, ruthenium, rhenium, rhodium, copper, palladium, osmium, molybdenum, niobium, tungsten, platinum, iridium, and silver.
3. The hydrogen storage alloy according to claim 1 , wherein said first phase comprises 0.5 to 4.5 atomic percent vanadium.
4. The hydrogen storage alloy according to claim 3 , wherein said first phase further comprises molybdenum.
5. The hydrogen storage alloy according to claim 1 , wherein said first phase comprises 61 to 80 atomic percent vanadium.
6. The hydrogen storage alloy according to claim 5 , wherein said first phase further comprises iron.
7. The hydrogen storage alloy according to claim 5 , wherein said first phase further comprises palladium.
8. The hydrogen storage alloy according to claim 1 , wherein said first phase comprises 3.0 to 9.0 atomic percent manganese.
9. The hydrogen storage alloy according to claim 1 , wherein said first phase further comprises iron.
10. The hydrogen storage alloy according to claim 9 , wherein said first phase further comprises cobalt.
11. The hydrogen storage alloy according to claim 1 , wherein said first phase further comprises ruthenium.
12. The hydrogen storage alloy according to claim 1 , wherein said first phase further comprises cobalt.
13. The hydrogen storage alloy according to claim 1 , wherein said hydrogen storage alloy reversibly stores at least 2.0 weight percent hydrogen at temperatures of 40° C. or less.
14. The hydrogen storage alloy according to claim 1 , wherein, said hydrogen storage alloy reversibly stores at least 2.3 weight percent hydrogen at temperatures of 40° C. or less.
15. The hydrogen storage alloy according to claim 1 , wherein said hydrogen storage alloy desorbs at least 65% of the hydrogen stored at the maximum hydrogen storage capacity at temperatures of 40° C. or less.
16. The hydrogen storage alloy according to claim 1 , wherein said hydrogen storage alloy is desorbs at least 70% of the hydrogen stored at the maximum hydrogen storage capacity at temperatures of 40° C. or less.