Method of making a textile laminate having pile-like surface
A textile laminate for covering diverse substrates includes a backing layer to be placed adjacent to the substrate, a substantially non-shrinkable fibrous layer coextensive with the backing layer and an adhesive component to bind the fibrous layer to the backing layer. The adhesive component is activated to adhere the fibrous and backing layers only at selected bonding points in a pattern bond. The backing layer is a material adapted to irreversibly shrink by at least about 25% such that after the backing layer shrinks, the fibrous layer separates from the backing layer at locations away from the bonding points and forms pile-like loops that protrude in a direction normal to the plane of the textile laminate.
1. A method of making a textile laminate comprising the steps of
(a) providing a material for a backing layer defining a first side of the laminate and having a substantially flat surface opposite the first side, the material being adapted to shrink in at least one dimension parallel to the surface,
(b) providing a textile fabric precursor for a pile layer defining a second side of the laminate, the textile fabric precursor comprising substantially non-shrinkable fibers,
(c) positioning the textile fabric precursor coextensively with the material,
(d) placing an adhesive component between the material and the textile fabric precursor,
(e) placing a continuous film blocking layer that is a barrier to dust and dirt particles between the textile fabric precursor and the backing layer,
(f) activating the adhesive component to form a pattern of bond points between the backing material and the textile fabric precursor, and
(g) maintaining the continuous blocking layer in direct contact coextensively with the pile layer and shrinking the material at least about 25% to form the backing layer and thereby moving the bond points toward each other to form the textile fabric precursor and adjacent blocking layer into a pile layer of loops of fibers protruding normal to the surface.
2. The method of claim 1 in which steps (d)–(f) collectively comprise positioning a thermally activating adhesive on the surface, and compressing the textile fabric precursor, the adhesive component, the continuous blocking layer and the backing layer between protrusions of an embossing tool and an opposing surface of a backup tool while simultaneously heating the adhesive component to a temperature effective to activate the adhesive and to form the bond points at discrete locations on the surface of the backing layer.
3. The method of claim 1 in which the adhesive component is positioned only at discrete locations on the surface.
4. The method of claim 1 in which the loops protrude away from the backing layer substantially normal to the plane to a height above the bond points in the range of about 3–10 mm and the pile layer has a weight of about 250–1200 g/m 2 , and
in which the textile fabric precursor comprises fibers in the range of about 0.1 to about 10 denier per filament, has a density of about 0.1–0.4 g/cm 3 , and has a weight of about 40 to about 400 g/m 2 .
5. The method of claim 1 in which the shrinking step further comprises forming spaces between the pile layer and the backing layer intermediate the bonding points.
6. The method of claim 1 in which the activating step comprises embedding within the adhesive component all of the fibers of the textile fabric precursor coextensive with the bond points without distorting the fibers.
7. The method of claim 1 in which the blocking layer is a substantially impenetrable barrier to dust and dirt particles greater than about 10 μm.
8. The method of claim 1 in which the blocking layer is impenetrable to solids.
9. A method of making a textile laminate comprising the steps of
(a) providing a material for a backing layer defining a first side of the laminate and having a substantially flat surface opposite the first side, the material being adapted to shrink in at least one dimension parallel to the surface,
(b) providing a textile fabric precursor for a pile layer defining a second side of the laminate, the textile fabric precursor comprising substantially non-shrinkable fibers,
(c) positioning the textile fabric precursor coextensively with the material,
(d) placing an adhesive component between the material and the textile fabric precursor,
(e) placing a continuous blocking layer that is penetrable by vapor and not penetrable by liquid between the textile fabric precursor and the backing layer,
(f) activating the adhesive component to form a pattern of bond points between the backing material and the textile fabric precursor, and
(g) maintaining the continuous blocking layer in direct contact coextensively with the pile layer and shrinking the material at least about 25% to form the backing layer and thereby moving the bond points toward each other to form the textile fabric precursor and adjacent blocking layer into a pile layer of loops of fibers protruding normal to the surface.
10. The method of claim 1 or 9 in which the material of the backing layer is adapted to shrink irreversibly.
11. The method of claim 9 in which steps (d)–(f) collectively comprise positioning a thermally activating adhesive on the surface, and compressing the textile fabric precursor, the adhesive component, the continuous blocking layer and the backing layer between protrusions of an embossing tool and an opposing surface of a backup tool while simultaneously heating the adhesive component to a temperature effective to activate the adhesive and to form the bond points at discrete locations on the surface of the backing layer.
12. The method of claim 9 in which the activating step comprises embedding within the adhesive component all of the fibers of the textile fabric precursor coextensive with the bond points without distorting the fibers.
13. The method of claim 9 in which the adhesive component is positioned at discrete locations only on the surface.
14. The method of claim 9 in which the loops protrude away from the backing layer substantially normal to the plane to a height above the bond points in the range of about 3–10 mm and the pile layer has a weight of about 250–1200 g/m 2 , and
in which the textile fabric precursor comprises fibers in the range of about 0.1 to about 10 denier per filament, has a density of about 0.1–0.4 g/cm 3 , and has a weight of about 40 to about 400 g/m 2 .
15. The method of claim 9 in which the shrinking step further comprises forming spaces between the pile layer and the backing layer intermediate the bonding points.