Polymeric compositions comprising thieno[3,4-b]thiophene, method of making, and use thereof
Polymers and copolymers comprising repeating units of 5 thieno[3,4-b]thiophene. Water-borne dispersions of such polymers and copolymers can be cast by conventional methods to provide uniform, thin films which possess utility in numerous electroactive applications including electrochromic displays, optically transparent electrodes and antistatic coatings. The compositions of this invention can be doped with conventional p-dopants or n-dopants. The invention also presents an aqueous process for preparing such polymeric compositions.
1. A process comprising electrochemically reacting a monomeric composition comprising thieno[3,4-b]thiophene, to form a polymeric composition comprising units derived from the thieno[3,4-b]thiophene.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the electrochemical reaction is in an electrochermical cell comprising an electrolyte, a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode in operable communication.
3. The process of claim 2 , wherein to working electrode is a platinum, gold, or vitreous carbon working electrode, and the counter electrode is platinum.
4. The process of claim 3 , wherein to working electrode is a vitreous carbon electrode and the electrolyte is tetrabutylammonium perchlorate/acelonitrile.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction provides the polymeric composition on an indium tin oxide substrate.
6. The process of claim 1 , further comprising reducing the polymeric composition.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric composition has a band gap of about 0.85 V.
8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the polymeric composition is transparent.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric composition has no observable color in the oxidized form.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the monomeric composition further comprises a co-monomer reactive with the thieno[3,4-b]thiophene.
11. The process of claim 10 , wherein the co-monomer is a thiophene, substituted thiophene, substituted thieno[3,4-b]thiophene, dithieno[3,4-b:3′, 4′-d]thiophene, bithiophene, pyrrole, substituted pyrrole, phenylene, substituted phenylene, naphthalene, substituted naphthalene, biphenyl, substituted biphenyl, terphenyl, substituted terphenyl, phenylene vinylene, substituted phenylene vinylene, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing co-monomers, wherein the substituents are one or more of —H, hydroxyl, C 6 –C 36 aryl, C 3 –C 6 cycloalkyl, C 1 –C 12 alkyl, halogen, C 1 –C 12 alkoxy, C 1 –C 12 alkylthio, C 1 –C 12 perfluoroalkyl, C 6 –C 36 perfluoroaryl, pyridyl, cyano, thiocyanato, nitro, amino, C 1 –C 12 alkylamino, C 1 –C 12 aminoalkyl, acyl, sulfoxyl, sulfonyl, amido, and/or carbamoyl.
12. The process of claim 11 , wherein the co-monomer is
wherein R is C 1 –C 12 primary, secondary or tertiary alkyl, cylcoalkyl, C 6 –C 36 aryl, or a functional group.
13. The process of claim 11 , wherein the co-monomer is
wherein X is C 1 –C 4 alkylene or substituted C 1 –C 4 alkylene.
14. The process of claim 11 , wherein the co-monomer is
wherein X is C 1 –C 12 alkyl- or C 6 –C 12 phenyl-substituted ethylene, or a 1,2-cyclohexylene.
15. The process of claim 11 , wherein the co-monomer is
wherein R 1 and R 2 are each independently —H, C 1 –C 4 alkyl, phenyl, or substituted phenyl.
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein the monomeric composition further comprises a polyanion.
17. The process of claim 16 , wherein the polyanion is a polycarboxylate or a polymeric sulfonate.