Vehicle part with integrated impact management feature and method of making same
A method of making a vehicle part includes spraying material proximate a surface of a tool to form a skin layer, and spraying material onto the skin layer to form a resilient layer. The method further includes removing the skin layer and the resilient layer from the tool and positioning the layers in a mold. Next, the method involves applying material onto the resilient layer to form a rigid substrate on the resilient layer.
1. A method of making a vehicle part, the method comprising:
applying a coating on a tool;
spraying material on the coating to form a skin layer;
spraying material onto the skin layer to form a resilient layer, wherein the resilient layer comprises an elastomer;
removing the coating, the skin layer and the resilient layer from the tool;
positioning the coating, the skin layer and the resilient layer in a mold; and
applying material onto the resilient layer to form a rigid substrate on the resilient layer;
wherein the coating forms an exterior appearance surface of the part.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the skin layer comprises polyurethane.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the resilient layer comprises an expanded elastomer.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the resilient layer comprises expanded polyurethane.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the substrate comprises polyurethane.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the resilient layer is formed to have a first portion with a first general thickness, and a second portion with a second general thickness different than the first general thickness, and wherein the second portion is configured to absorb impact energy.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the first general thickness is in the range of 1 to 5 millimeters, and the second general thickness is in the range of 7 to 15 millimeters.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the resilient layer has a density in the range of 0.3 to 3 grams per cubic centimeter.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the coating comprises aliphatic polyurethane, the skin layer comprises aromatic polyurethane, the resilient layer comprises expanded polyurethane, and the substrate comprises rigid polyurethane.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein applying material onto the resilient layer comprises injecting material into the mold when the mold is in a closed position to form the substrate.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the substrate comprises reinforced polyurethane.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein applying material onto the resilient layer comprises pouring material onto the resilient layer when the mold is in an open position, and the method further includes closing the mold to shape the substrate.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the resilient layer has a density in the range of 1 to 2.3 grams per cubic centimeter.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the skin layer has a thickness in the range of 0.4 to 2 millimeters.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the skin has a thickness in the range of 0.5 to 1 millimeter.
16. A method of making a vehicle interior trim part, the method comprising:
applying a coating on a tool, the coating comprising aliphatic polyurethane;
spraying material on the coating to form a skin layer, the skin layer comprising aromatic polyurethane;
spraying material onto the skin layer to form an expanded elastomer layer that comprises expanded polyurethane, the expanded elastomer layer including a first portion with a first general thickness, and a second portion with a second general thickness greater than the first general thickness, the second portion being configured to absorb impact energy;
removing the coating, the skin layer and the expanded elastomer layer from the tool;
positioning the coating, the skin layer and the expanded elastomer layer in a mold;
applying material onto the expanded elastomer layer to form a rigid substrate on the expanded elastomer layer, the substrate comprising rigid polyurethane.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the expanded elastomer layer has a density in the range of 0.3 to 3 grams per cubic centimeter.
18. The method of claim 16 wherein the expanded elastomer layer has a density in the range of 1 to 2.3 grams per cubic centimeter.
19. The method of claim 16 wherein the first general thickness is in the range of 1 to 5 millimeters, and the second general thickness is in the range of 7 to 15 millimeters.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the expanded elastomer layer has a density in the range of 0.3 to 3 grams per cubic centimeter, and the skin layer has a density in the range of 0.15 to 1.5 grams per cubic centimeter.
21. The method of claim 19 wherein the expanded elastomer layer has a density in the range of 1 to 2.3 grams per cubic centimeter.
22. The method of claim 16 wherein the coating forms an exterior appearance surface of the part.