Process for the production of mercaptoalkylalkoxysilanes
Mercaptoalkylalkoxysilane is obtained by reacting at least one sulfide of the general formula MHS wherein M is an alkali metal or ammonium with a haloalkyl silane in an aqueous reaction medium in the presence of an acidic gas to maintain the pH of the reaction medium at or below about 10, and in the additional presence of alkylguanidinium salt phase transfer catalyst to provide mercaptoalkylalkoxysilane, the alkylguanidinium salt phase transfer catalyst being represented by the general formula: wherein each of R 1-5 is a primary alkyl radical and R 6 is a primary alkyl or bis(primary alkylene) radical, or at least one of the R 1 –R 2 , R 3 –R 4 and R 5 –R 6 combinations with the respective connecting nitrogen atom forms a heterocyclic radical; X is an anion; and n is 1 or 2.
1. A process for the production of mercaptoalkylalkoxysilane which comprises reacting at least one sulfide of the general formula
MHS
wherein M is an alkali metal or ammonium with a haloalkyl silane in an aqueous reaction medium in the presence of an acidic gas to maintain the pH of the reaction medium at or below about 10, and in the additional presence of alkylguanidinium salt phase transfer catalyst to provide mercaptoalkylalkoxysilane, the alkylguanidinium salt phase transfer catalyst being represented by the general formula:
wherein each of R 1-5 is a primary alkyl radical and R 6 is a primary alkyl or bis(primary alkylene) radical, or at least one of the R 1 –R 2 , R 3 –R 4 and R 5 –R 6 combinations with the respective connecting nitrogen atom forms a heterocyclic radical; X is an anion; and n is 1 or 2.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the sulfide is NaHS.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the haloalkyl silane is represented by the formula:
X—Alk—SiR m (OR) 3-m
wherein X is halogen; Alk is a divalent hydrocarbon group of from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms; R is a hydrocarbon group of from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and m is 0, 1 or 2.
4. The process of claim 3 wherein X is chlorine, Alk is from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, R is methyl or ethyl and m is 0.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein the haloalkyl silane is 3-chloropropyl-1-triethoxysilane.
6. The process of claim 2 wherein the haloalkyl silane is 3-chloropropyl-1-triethoxysilane.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein the acidic gas is H 2 S.
8. The process of claim 7 wherein the pH is maintained at a level not exceeding about 9.
9. The process of claim 7 wherein the pH is maintained at a level not exceeding about 8.5.
10. The process of claim 2 wherein the reaction medium is maintained at a pressure of from about 10 to about 100 psi with H 2 S and the pH of the reaction medium is maintained at a level not exceeding about 9.
11. The process of claim 2 wherein the reaction medium is maintained at a pressure of from about 20 to about 60 psi with H 2 S and the pH of the reaction medium is maintained at a level not exceeding about 8.5.
12. The process of claim 1 wherein the reaction medium contains from about 2.5 to about 85 weight percent water.
13. The process of claim 1 wherein the reaction medium contains from about 20 to about 40 weight percent water.
14. The process of claim 1 wherein the molar ratio of sulfide to haloalkyl silane is from about 2:1 to about 1:1.
15. The process of claim 1 wherein the molar ratio of sulfide to haloalkyl silane is from about 1.2:1 to about 1.1–1.
16. The process of claim 1 wherein the alkylguanidinium salt is at least one member selected from the group consisting of hexaethylguanidinium bromide, tetramethyldibutylguanidinium bromide, hexabutylguanidinium chloride, tetraethylpiperidinylguanidinium chloride, tris-piperidinylguanidinium chloride, trispyrrolidinyl bromide and mixtures thereof.
17. The process of claim 2 wherein the alkylguanidinium salt is at least one member selected from the group consisting of hexaethylguanidinium bromide, tetramethyldibutylguanidinium bromide, hexabutylguanidinium chloride, tetraethylpiperidinylguanidinium chloride, tris-piperidinylguanidinium chloride, trispyrrolidinyl bromide and mixtures thereof.
18. The process of claim 3 wherein the alkylguanidinium salt is at least one member selected from the group consisting of hexaethylguanidinium bromide, tetramethyldibutylguanidinium bromide, hexabutylguanidinium chloride, tetraethylpiperidinylguanidinium chloride, tris-piperidinylguanidinium chloride, trispyrrolidinyl bromide and mixtures thereof.
19. The process of claim 4 wherein the alkylguanidinium salt is at least one member selected from the group consisting of hexaethylguanidinium bromide, tetramethyldibutylguanidinium bromide, hexabutylguanidinium chloride, tetraethylpiperidinylguanidinium chloride, tris-piperidinylguanidinium chloride, trispyrrolidinyl bromide and mixtures thereof.
20. The process of claim 5 wherein the alkylguanidinium salt is at least one member selected from the group consisting of hexaethylguanidinium bromide, tetramethyldibutylguanidinium bromide, hexabutylguanidinium chloride, tetraethylpiperidinylguanidinium chloride, tris-piperidinylguanidinium chloride, trispyrrolidinyl bromide and mixtures thereof.
21. The process of claim 6 wherein the alkylguanidinium salt is at least one member selected from the group consisting of hexaethylguanidinium bromide, tetramethyldibutylguanidinium bromide, hexabutylguanidinium chloride, tetraethylpiperidinylguanidinium chloride, tris-piperidinylguanidinium chloride, trispyrrolidinyl bromide and mixtures thereof.
22. The process of claim 7 wherein the alkylguanidinium salt is at least one member selected from the group consisting of hexaethylguanidinium bromide, tetramethyldibutylguanidinium bromide, hexabutylguanidinium chloride, tetraethylpiperidinylguanidinium chloride, tris-piperidinylguanidinium chloride, trispyrrolidinyl bromide and mixtures thereof.
23. The process of claim 8 wherein the alkylguanidinium salt is at least one member selected from the group consisting of hexaethylguanidinium bromide, tetramethyldibutylguanidinium bromide, hexabutylguanidinium chloride, tetraethylpiperidinylguanidinium chloride, tris-piperidinylguanidinium chloride, trispyrrolidinyl bromide and mixtures thereof.
24. The process of claim 10 wherein the alkylguanidinium salt is at least one member selected from the group consisting of hexaethylguanidinium bromide, tetramethyldibutylguanidinium bromide, hexabutylguanidinium chloride, tetraethylpiperidinylguanidinium chloride, tris-piperidinylguanidinium chloride, trispyrrolidinyl bromide and mixtures thereof.
25. The process of claim 12 wherein the alkylguanidinium salt is at least one member selected from the group consisting of hexaethylguanidinium bromide, tetramethyldibutylguanidinium bromide, hexabutylguanidinium chloride, tetraethylpiperidinylguanidinium chloride, tris-piperidinylguanidinium chloride, trispyrrolidinyl bromide and mixtures thereof.
26. The process of claim 14 wherein the alkylguanidinium salt is at least one member selected from the group consisting of hexaethylguanidinium bromide, tetramethyldibutylguanidinium bromide, hexabutylguanidinium chloride, tetraethylpiperidinylguanidinium chloride, tris-piperidinylguanidinium chloride, trispyrrolidinyl bromide and mixtures thereof.