Generating Acid Downhole in Acid Fracturing
An acid fracturing method is provided in which the acid is generated in the fracture by hydrolysis of a solid acid-precursor selected from one or more than one of lactide, glycolide, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, a copolymer of polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid, a copolymer of glycolic acid with other hydroxy-, carboxylic acid-, or hydroxycarboxylic acid-containing moieties, and a copolymer of lactic acid with other hydroxy-, carboxylic acid or hydroxycarboxylic acid-containing moieties. The solid acid-precursor may be mixed with a solid acid-reactive material to accelerate the hydrolysis and/or coated to slow the hydrolysis. Water-soluble liquid compounds are also given that accelerate the hydrolysis. The method ensures that the acid contacts fracture faces far from the wellbore.
1. A method of acid fracturing a subterranean formation penetrated by a wellbore comprising:
a) injecting into the formation a fluid comprising particles of a solid acid-precursor at a concentration between about 0.05 and about 0.6 kg/L, at a pressure sufficient to fracture the formation, said fluid not viscosified with a viscoelastic surfactant, and
b) allowing at least a portion of the solid acid-precursor to hydrolyze,
wherein the solid acid-precursor is mixed with a solid acid-reactive material selected from the group consisting of magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, aluminum metaphosphate, sodium zinc potassium polyphosphate glass, and sodium calcium magnesium polyphosphate glass.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the solid acid-precursor is selected from the group consisting of lactide, glycolide, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, copolymers of polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid, copolymers of glycolic acid with other hydroxy-, carboxylic acid-, or hydroxycarboxylic acid-containing moieties, copolymers of lactic acid with other hydroxy-, carboxylic acid-, or hydroxycarboxylic acid-containing moieties, and mixtures thereof.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the solid acid-precursor is polylactic acid.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein particles of the solid acid-precursor are physically mixed with particles of the solid acid-reactive material.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the solid acid-precursor is in the same particle as the solid acid-reactive material.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the solid acid-reactive material is surrounded by the solid acid-precursor.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the solid acid-precursor surrounding the solid acid-reactive material is coated with a hydrolysis-delaying material.
8. A method of acid fracturing a subterranean formation penetrated by a wellbore comprising:
a) injecting into the formation a fluid comprising particles of a solid acid-precursor at a concentration between about 0.05 and about 0.6 kg/L, at a pressure sufficient to fracture the formation, said fluid not viscosified with a viscoelastic surfactant, and
b) allowing at least a portion of the solid acid-precursor to hydrolyze, wherein the solid acid-precursor is coated with a hydrolysis-delaying material.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the solid acid-precursor is selected from the group consisting of lactide, glycolide, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, copolymers of polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid, copolymers of glycolic acid with other hydroxy-, carboxylic acid-, or hydroxycarboxylic acid-containing moieties, copolymers of lactic acid with other hydroxy-, carboxylic acid-, or hydroxycarboxylic acid-containing moieties, and mixtures thereof.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the solid acid-precursor is polylactic acid.
11. A method of acid fracturing a subterranean formation penetrated by a wellbore comprising:
a) injecting into the formation a fluid comprising particles of a solid acid-precursor at a concentration between about 0.05 and about 0.6 kg/L, at a pressure sufficient to fracture the formation, said fluid not viscosified with a viscoelastic surfactant, and
b) allowing at least a portion of the solid acid-precursor to hydrolyze, wherein the fluid further comprises a water-soluble agent that accelerates hydrolysis of the solid acid-precursor, said agent selected from the group consisting of esters, diesters, anhydrides, lactones, alkali metal alkoxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, alcohols, alkali metal hydroxides, ammonium hydroxide, amides, amines, alkanol amines and mixtures thereof.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide and propylene glycol diacetate.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein the solid acid-precursor is selected from the group consisting of lactide, glycolide, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, copolymers of polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid, copolymers of glycolic acid with other hydroxy-, carboxylic acid-, or hydroxycarboxylic acid-containing moieties, copolymers of lactic acid with other hydroxy-, carboxylic acid-, or hydroxycarboxylic acid-containing moieties, and mixtures thereof.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the solid acid-precursor is polylactic acid.
15. A method of acid fracturing a subterranean formation penetrated by a wellbore comprising:
a) injecting into the formation a fluid comprising particles of a solid acid-precursor at a concentration between about 0.05 and about 0.6 kg/L, at a pressure sufficient to fracture the formation, said fluid not viscosified with a viscoelastic surfactant, and
b) allowing at least a portion of the solid acid-precursor to hydrolyze, wherein the fluid further comprises an acid selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, ammonium bifluoride, formic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, aminopolycarboxylic acids, polyaminopolycarboxylic acids, salts thereof and mixtures thereof.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the solid acid-precursor is selected from the group consisting of lactide, glycolide, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, copolymers of polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid, copolymers of glycolic acid with other hydroxy-, carboxylic acid-, or hydroxycarboxylic acid-containing moieties, copolymers of lactic acid with other hydroxy-, carboxylic acid-, or hydroxycarboxylic acid-containing moieties, and mixtures thereof.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the solid acid-precursor is polylactic acid.