Solid expandable tubular members formed from very low carbon steel and method
A very low carbon steel alloy is provided for use in manufacturing tubular members such as oil country tubular goods. The tubular members may be radially expanded from at least twenty percent to forty percent. Sections or joints of casing formed from the steel alloy may be installed within a wellbore and radially expanded during completion of the wellbore.
1. A method for manufacturing a tubular member used to complete a wellbore by radially expanding the tubular member at a downhole location in the wellbore comprising:
forming a steel alloy having iron at a concentration of at least ninety-five percent by weight of the steel alloy, chromium at a concentration of less than approximately 0.1% by weight of the steel alloy, and carbon at a concentration of between approximately 0.03% and 0.06% by weight of the steel alloy;
quenching the steel alloy to produce a concentration of martensite of at least ninety percent by volume of the steel alloy; and
tempering the steel alloy to produce desired ductility and yield strength to accommodate radial expansion of the tubular member between approximately twenty percent and forty-five percent.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the steel alloy further comprises phosphorus at a concentration of less than approximately 0.015% by weight of the steel alloy.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the steel alloy further comprises sulfur at a concentration of less than approximately 0.005% by weight of the steel alloy and calcium at a concentration of between approximately 0.0005% and 0.0055% by weight of the steel alloy.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the steel alloy further comprises aluminum at a concentration of between approximately 0.015% and 0.040% by weight of the steel alloy.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ductility and yield strength accommodate radial expansion of the tubular member between approximately twenty-eight percent and forty-five percent.
6. The method of claim 1 further comprising the concentration of carbon having a value of approximately 0.045% by weight of the steel alloy.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising forming the steel alloy with a concentration of niobium between approximately 0.03% and 0.05% by weight of the steel alloy.
8. The method of claim 7 further comprising the concentration of niobium having a value of approximately 0.04% by weight of the steel alloy.
9. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
forming the steel alloy with low concentrations of vanadium, niobium and titanium; and
limiting the total concentration of vanadium, niobium and titanium to less than approximately 0.15% by weight of the steel alloy.
10. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
analyzing a sample of the steel alloy to determine the specific chemical composition; and
modifying the tempering process based on the that composition in the steel alloy.
11. The method of claim 1 further comprising forming oil country tubular goods from the steel alloy.
12. The method of claim 1 further comprising forming welded pipe from the steel alloy.
13. The method of claim 1 further comprising forming a coupling from the steel alloy.
14. The method of claim 1 further comprising forming a joint of casing from the steel alloy.
15. A method of forming an expandable section of casing with ductility and yield strength satisfactory for completing a wellbore, comprising:
forming a steel alloy having iron at a concentration of at least ninety-five percent by weight of the steel alloy, chromium at a concentration of less than approximately 0.1% by weight of the steel alloy, and carbon at a concentration of between approximately 0.03% and 0.06% by weight of the steel alloy;
quenching the steel alloy to produce a concentration of martensite of at least ninety percent by volume of the steel alloy;
tempering the steel alloy to produce the desired ductility and yield strength to accommodate radial expansion of the section of casing between approximately twenty percent and forty-five percent;
forming the section of casing from the steel alloy using electric resistance welding techniques;
forming a pin end and a box end on the section of casing with a longitudinal bore extending through the section of casing from the pin end to the box end;
forming a tapered, exterior threaded portion on the pin end of the section of casing; and
forming a tapered, interior threaded portion in the box end of the section of casing.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the steel alloy further comprises phosphorus at a concentration of less than approximately 0.015% by weight of the steel alloy.
17. The method of claim 15 wherein the steel alloy further comprises sulfur at a concentration of less than approximately 0.005% by weight of the steel alloy and calcium at a concentration of between approximately 0.0005% and 0.0055% by weight of the steel alloy.
18. The method of claim 15 wherein the steel alloy further comprises aluminum at a concentration of between approximately 0.015% and 0.040% by weight of the steel alloy.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the ductility and yield strength accommodate radial expansion of the tubular member between approximately twenty-eight percent and forty-five percent.
20. The method of claim 15 further comprising the concentration of carbon having a value of approximately 0.045% by weight of the steel alloy.
21. The method of claim 15 further comprising tempering the very low carbon steel alloy at approximately 123° F. for approximately fifty minutes when the concentration of carbon-has a value of approximately 0.045% by weight of the steel alloy.
22. The method of claim 15 further comprising forming the steel alloy with a concentration of niobium between approximately 0.03% and 0.05% by weight of the steel alloy.
23. The method of claim 22 further comprising the concentration of niobium having a value of approximately 0.04% by weight of the steel alloy.
24. The method of claim 15 further comprising:
forming the steel alloy with low concentrations of vanadium, niobium and titanium; and
limiting the total concentration of vanadium, niobium and titanium to less than approximately 0.15% by weight of the steel alloy.
25. The method of claim 15 further comprising forming the section of casing from an electric resistance welded pipe.
26. A method for manufacturing a tubular member used to complete a wellbore by radially expanding the tubular member at a downhole location in the wellbore comprising:
forming a steel alloy having iron at a concentration of at least ninety-five percent by weight of the steel alloy, chromium at a concentration of less than approximately 0.1% by weight of the steel alloy, and carbon at a concentration of between approximately 0.03% and 0.045% by weight of the steel alloy;
quenching the steel alloy from a temperature of approximately 1650° F. to 1600° F. to 100° F. using cold water to produce a concentration of martensite of at least ninety percent by volume of the steel alloy; and
tempering the steel alloy to produce desired ductility and yield strength to accommodate radial expansion of the tubular member between approximately twenty percent and forty-five percent.
27. A method of forming an expandable section of casing with ductility and yield strength satisfactory for completing a wellbore, comprising:
forming a steel alloy having iron at a concentration of at least ninety-five percent by weight of the steel alloy, chromium at a concentration of less than approximately 0.1% by weight of the steel alloy, and carbon at a concentration of between approximately 0.03% and 0.045% by weight of the steel alloy;
quenching the steel alloy from a temperature of approximately 1650° F. to 1600° F. to 100° F. using a high volume of cold water to produce a concentration of martensite of at least ninety percent by volume of the steel alloy;
tempering the steel alloy at temperatures between approximately 1200° F. and approximately 1250° F. for approximately forty minutes to fifty-five minutes to produce the desired ductility and yield strength to accommodate radial expansion of the section of casing between approximately twenty percent and forty-five percent;
forming a section of casing from the steel alloy using electric resistance welding techniques;
forming a pin end and a box end on the section of casing with a longitudinal bore extending through the section of casing from the pin end to the box end;
forming a tapered, exterior threaded portion on the pin end of the section of casing; and
forming a tapered, interior threaded portion in the box end of the section of casing.
28. A method of forming an expandable section of casing with ductility and yield strength satisfactory for completing a wellbore, comprising:
forming a steel alloy having iron at a concentration of at least ninety-five percent by weight of the steel alloy, chromium at a concentration of less than approximately 0.1% by weight of the steel alloy, and carbon at a concentration of between approximately 0.03% and 0.06% by weight of the steel alloy;
quenching the steel alloy from a temperature of approximately 1650° F. to approximately 1600° F. useing cold water to produce a concentration of martensite of at least ninety percent by volume of the steel alloy;
tempering the very low carbon steel alloy at approximately 1200° F. to approximately 1250° F. to produce the desired ductility and yield strength to accommodate radial expansion of the section of casing between approximately twenty percent and forty-five percent;
forming the section of casing from the steel alloy using electric resistance welding techniques;
forming a pin end and a box end on the section of casing with a longitudinal bore extending through the section of casing from the pin end to the box end;
forming a tapered, exterior threaded portion on the pin end of the section of casing; and
forming a tapered, interior threaded portion in the box end of the section of casing.
29. A method for manufacturing a tubular member used to complete a wellbore by radially expanding the tubular member at a downhole location in the wellbore comprising:
forming a steel alloy having iron at a concentration of at least ninety-five percent by weight of the steel alloy, chromium at a concentration of less than approximately 0.1% by weight of the steel alloy, phosphorus at a concentration of less than approximately 0.015% by weight of the steel alloy, sulfur at a concentration of less than approximately 0.005% by weight of the steel alloy, calcium at a concentration of between approximately 0.0005% and 0.0055% by weight of the steel alloy, aluminum at a concentration of between approximately 0.015% and 0.040% by weight of the steel alloy, and carbon at a concentration of between approximately 0.03% and 0.06% by weight of the steel alloy;
quenching the steel alloy to produce a concentration of martensite of at least ninety percent by volume of the steel alloy; and
tempering the steel alloy to produce desired ductility and yield strength to accommodate radial expansion of the tubular member between approximately twenty-eight percent and forty-five percent.
30. A method of forming an expandable section of casing with ductility and yield strength satisfactory for completing a wellbore, comprising:
forming a steel alloy having iron at a concentration of at least ninety-five percent by weight of the steel alloy, chromium at a concentration of less than approximately 0.1% by weight of the steel alloy, phosphorus at a concentration of less than approximately 0.015% by weight of the steel alloy, sulfur at a concentration of less than approximately 0.005% by weight of the steel alloy, calcium at a concentration of between approximately 0.0005% and 0.0055% by weight of the steel alloy, aluminum at a concentration of between approximately 0.015% and 0.040% by weight of the steel alloy, and carbon at a concentration of between approximately 0.03% and 0.06% by weight of the steel alloy;
quenching the steel alloy to produce a concentration of martensite of at least ninety percent by volume of the steel alloy;
tempering the steel alloy to produce the desired ductility and yield strength to accommodate radial expansion of the section of casing between approximately twenty-eight percent and forty-five percent;
forming the section of casing from the steel alloy using electric resistance welding techniques;
forming a pin end and a box end on the section of casing with a longitudinal bore extending through the section of casing from the pin end to the box end;
forming a tapered, exterior threaded portion on the pin end of the section of casing; and
forming a tapered, interior threaded portion in the box end of the section of casing.