Wind turbine blade
The invention relates to a wind turbine blade comprising a number of pre-fabricated strips arranged in a sequence along the outer periphery. The strips consist of a fibrous composite material, preferably carbon fibres, and consist of a wooden material, preferably plywood or wooden fibres held in a cured resin. The advantage is that it is possible to manufacture blades for wind turbines which are very stiff and generally have a high strength, but which nevertheless are easy to manufacture and also is much cheaper to manufacture compared to conventional manufacturing techniques. The invention also relates to methods for manufacturing prefabricated strips and for manufacturing wind turbine blades.
1. A blade for a wind turbine, wherein at least a third of the total length, measured from tip to hub, of said blade comprises a layer along an outer periphery of the cross-section of said blade, wherein the layer is at least partly constituted by a number of pre-fabricated strips arranged in a sequence along the outer periphery, the pre-fabricated strips being arranged side-by-side to form connections between adjacent strips said connections are oriented substantially orthogonal to the surface of the layer in a plane orthogonal to the length of the blade,
wherein at least one of the pre-fabricated strips is formed from a fibrous composite material.
2. A blade according to claim 1 , wherein the strips of the outer layer are joined by means of resin infusion.
3. A blade according to claim 2 , wherein the strips of the outer layer are joined by means of vacuum infusion of a resin.
4. A blade according to claim 1 , wherein at least some of the pre-fabricated strips are constituted by hollow tubes formed from a fibrous composite material.
5. A blade according to claim 4 , wherein at least some of the pre-fabricated strips of the fibrous composite material are pultrusions.
6. A blade according to claim 1 , wherein the fibrous composite material comprises a fibre volume fraction from 50% to 90%.
7. A blade according to claim 6 , wherein the fibrous composite material comprises a fibre volume fraction of from 60% to 80%.
8. A blade according to claim 1 , wherein the fibrous composite material comprises a carbon fibre volume fraction from 50% to 90%.
9. A blade according to claim 8 , wherein the fibrous composite material comprises a fibre volume fraction of from 60% to 80%.
10. A blade for a wind turbine, wherein at least a third of the total length, measured from tip to hub, of said blade comprises a layer along an outer periphery of the cross-section of said blade, wherein the layer is at least partly constituted by a number of pre-fabricated strips arranged in a sequence along the outer periphery, at least some of the strips having elongated strip cross-sections in a plane orthogonal to the length of the blade,
at least some of these strips being arranged with a short side of the strip cross-section along the outer periphery of the cross-section of the blade, and
at least some of these strips being arranged with a long side of the strip cross-section substantially orthogonal to the outer periphery of the cross-section of the blade.
11. A blade for a wind turbine, wherein at least a third of the total length, measured from tip to hub, of said blade comprises a layer along an outer periphery of the cross-section of said blade, wherein the layer is at least partly constituted by a number of strips arranged in a sequence along the outer periphery the strips being arranged to side-by-side to form connections between adjacent strips, said connections are oriented substantially orthogonal to the surface of the layer in a plane orthogonal to the length of the blade.
12. A blade according to claim 11 , wherein the strips are pultruded, the pultruded strips have a pultrusion direction substantially aligned with a longitudinal direction of the blade.
13. A blade according to claim 11 , wherein the layer is at least partly constituted by a number of strips made from a wooden material arranged in a sequence along the outer periphery.
14. A blade according to claim 13 , wherein the wooden material is plywood.
15. A blade according to claim 13 , wherein the wooden material is comprised by wooden fibres held in a cured resin.
16. A blade according to claim 13 , wherein the layer is at least partly constituted by strips of a wooden material and strips of a fibrous composite material in a sequence along the outer periphery.
17. A blade according to claim 16 , wherein said sequence is an alternating sequence of strips of a wooden material and strips of a fibrous composite material.
18. A blade according to claim 11 , wherein said layer is enclosed in an outer shell and an inner shell made from a fibrous composite material.
19. A blade according to claim 11 , wherein load measuring fibres are enclosed in at least one of an outer shell and an inner shell.
20. A blade according to claim 19 , wherein the load measuring fibres are optical fibres being additional to reinforcing fibres.
21. A blade according to claim 19 , wherein the load measuring fibres are carbon fibres being additional to reinforcing fibres.
22. A blade according to claim 19 , wherein the load measuring fibres are optical fibres.
23. A blade according to claim 19 , wherein the load measuring fibres are carbon fibers.
24. A blade according to claim 11 , further comprising lightning protection means, the lightning protection means including lightning attractors incorporated into either one or both of the shells.
25. A blade according to claim 24 , wherein the lightning attractors are connected to a width of metal mesh or similar material extending over the fibre reinforced area of the shells.
26. A blade according to claim 11 , further comprising a radio frequency absorption medium, the radio frequency absorption medium is incorporated into either one or both of the shells.
27. A blade according to claim 11 , wherein the pultruded strips are pre-fabricated.
28. A blade according to claim 11 , wherein the pultruded strips are of a fibrous composite material.
29. A method for manufacturing a pre-fabricated strip for a blade, the blade comprising a layer material arranged along an outer periphery of a cross-section of the blade, the method comprising:
assembling at least two individual materials to constitute the pre-fabricated strip;
selecting at least one of the at least two individual materials among fibrous composite materials;
inserting the assembled at least two individual material into a container;
evacuating the container so as to infuse a curing resin to allow the resin to cure; and
taking out from the container the assembled and cured strip which is fabricated.
30. A method according to claim 29 , wherein the container is a bag.
31. A method for manufacturing a shell for a blade, the shell comprising a layer material arranged along an outer periphery of a cross-section of the shell, the layer comprising pre-fabricated strips, the method comprising:
applying a surface material to a mold for the blade;
assembling at least two individual materials to constitute the pre-fabricated strips;
selecting at least one of the at least two individual materials among fibrous composite materials;
positioning the at least two individual material in the mold of the blade;
inserting the applied individual materials and other materials into a container;
evacuating the container so as to infuse a curing resin to allow the resin to cure; and
de-molding from the mold the shell thus fabricated.
32. A method according to claim 31 , wherein the surface material is a gel coat.
33. The method of claim 31 , further comprising:
applying at least one of a metal mesh, a glass fibre mesh and a transfer media to the mold of the blade.