Ionic material
The present invention relates to a material containing ionic groups, in particular, to the ionic materials that form an ionic pair with a free radical catalyst. Various applications of such materials are also described. Ionic materials can include magnetic particles. Examples of free radical catalysts that can be used include 2,2′-azobis(2 -methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, and 2,2′-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane]dihydrochloride.
1. A composition comprising:
(a) a material which comprises at least one ionic group; and
(b) at least one free radical polymerization catalyst,
wherein said ionic group forms an ionic pair with said catalyst.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the ionic group is selected from the group consisting of a sulfate, a sulfonate, a phosphate, a carboxylate, and ammonium.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said catalyst is selected from the group consisting of 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, and 2,2′-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the material is polymeric.
5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the material is selected from the group consisting of a sulfonated polysytrene, and a poly(meth)acrylate having a quartenary ammonium group.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the material is an inorganic crystalline material.
7. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the material is selected from a group consisting of silica and alumina.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the material is in the form of a bead.
9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the bead is an ion exchange bead.
10. A method of forming a composite material comprising:
(a) combining at least one monomer and a composition of claim 1 , wherein the monomer is both capable of undergoing a process of free radical polymerization to form a polymer and capable of bonding to said ionic groups;
(b) initiating free radical generation by said catalyst; and
(c) polymerizing the monomer to form said polymer,
thereby obtaining the composite material having said polymer bonded to the ionic groups.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the polymer extends beyond the outer surface of the material.
12. The composite material formed by the method of claim 10 .
13. A composition comprising:
(a) a material which comprises at least one ionic group; and
(b) at least one free radical polymerization catalyst,
wherein said material comprises a magnetic particle, and wherein said ionic group forms an ionic pair with said catalyst.
14. The composition of claim 13 , wherein said ionic group is selected from the group consisting of a sulfate, a sulfonate, a phosphate, a carboxylate, and ammonium.
15. The composition of claim 13 , wherein said catalyst is selected from the group consisting of 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, and 2,2′-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride.
16. The composition of claim 13 , wherein said material is polymeric.
17. The composition of claim 16 , wherein said material is selected from the group consisting of a sulfonated polysytrene, and a poly(meth)acrylate having a quartenary ammonium group.
18. The composition of claim 13 , wherein said material is an inorganic crystalline material.
19. The composition of claim 18 , wherein said material is selected from a group consisting of silica and alumina.
20. The composition of claim 13 , wherein said material is in the form of a bead.
21. The composition of claim 20 , wherein the bead is an ion exchange bead.
22. A method of forming a composite material comprising:
(a) combining at least one monomer and a composition of claim 13 , wherein the monomer is both capable of undergoing a process of free radical polymerization to form a polymer and capable of bonding to said ionic groups;
(b) initiating free radical generation by said catalyst; and
(c) polymerizing the monomer to form said polymer,
thereby obtaining the composite material having said polymer bonded to the ionic groups.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the polymer extends beyond the outer surface of the material.
24. The composite material formed by the method of claim 22 .
25. A composition comprising:
(a) a material which comprises at least one ionic group; and
(b) at least one free radical polymerization catalyst selected from the group consisting of 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, and 2,2′-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride,
wherein said material comprises a magnetic particle, and wherein said ionic group forms an ionic pair with said catalyst.
26. The composition of claim 25 , wherein said ionic group is selected from the group consisting of a sulfate, a sulfonate, a phosphate, a carboxylate, and ammonium.
27. The composition of claim 25 , wherein said material is polymeric.
28. The composition of claim 27 , wherein said material is selected from the group consisting of a sulfonated polysytrene, and a poly(meth)acrylate having a quartenary ammonium group.
29. The composition of claim 25 , wherein said material is an inorganic crystalline material.
30. The composition of claim 29 , wherein said material is selected from a group consisting of silica and alumina.
31. The composition of claim 25 , wherein said material is in the form of a bead.
32. The composition of claim 31 , wherein the bead is an ion exchange bead.
33. A method of forming a composite material comprising:
(a) combining at least one monomer and a composition of claim 25 , wherein the monomer is both capable of undergoing a process of free radical polymerization to form a polymer and capable of bonding to said ionic groups;
(b) initiating free radical generation by said catalyst; and
(c) polymerizing the monomer to form said polymer,
thereby obtaining the composite material having said polymer bonded to the ionic groups.
34. The method of claim 33 , wherein the polymer extends beyond the outer surface of the material.
35. The composite material formed by the method of claim 33 .