Mechanical and thermal improvements in metal hydride batteries, battery modules, and battery packs
Mechanically and thermally improved rechargeable batteries, modules and fluid-cooled battery pack systems. The battery is prismatic in shape with an optimized thickness to width to height aspect ratio which provides the battery with balanced optimal properties when compared with prismatic batteries lacking this optimized aspect ratio. The fluid-cooled battery pack includes; 1) a battery-pack case having coolant inlet and outlet; 2) battery modules within the case such that the battery module is spaced from the case walls and from other battery modules to form coolant flow channels along at least one surface of the bundled batteries; and 3) at least one coolant transport means. The width of the coolant flow channels allows for maximum heat transfer.
1. A fluid cooled battery pack for a vehicle drive system, said battery pack comprising:
a battery pack case, said case including at least one coolant inlet and at least one coolant outlet;
a plurality of battery modules disposed within and arranged in a matrix configuration within said case, each of said battery modules including a plurality of battery cells, said battery modules positioned within said case such that said battery modules are spacedly disposed from other battery modules to form intermodular gaps between said modules, said intermodule gaps providing coolant flow channels between said battery modules;
at least one coolant transport means, said coolant transport means causing said coolant to enter said coolant inlet of said case, to flow through said coolant flow channels and to exit said coolant outlet; and
wherein the coolant flow channels are sized within a range:
a) such that narrowing the intermodule gap between modules results in decreasing cooling fluid volumetric flow while increasing cooling fluid velocity;
b) to maintain a temperature difference between said battery modules of 8° C. or less; and
c) to maintain the maximum temperature of said battery modules to 65° C. or below.
2. The fluid cooled battery pack of claim 1 , wherein said coolant flow channels impede the flow of coolant flow by 5 to 30% in flow volume.
3. The fluid cooled battery pack of claim 1 , wherein said battery cells have a nickel metal hydride chemistry.
4. The fluid cooled battery pack of claim 1 , wherein said modules are arranged in the battery pack case to provide for coolant flow along a vertical direction of said battery modules.
5. The fluid cooled battery pack of claim 1 , wherein said battery cells of the same battery module do not have significant coolant flow between them.
6. The fluid cooled battery pack of claim 1 , wherein module spacers are interposed between opposite battery modules in the battery pack case.
7. The fluid cooled battery pack of claim 1 , wherein the width of the coolant flow channels between modules is from 0.3 to 12 mm.
8. The fluid cooled battery pack of claim 1 , wherein the width of the coolant flow channels between modules is from 1 to 9 mm.
9. The fluid cooled battery pack of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of battery modules disposed within and arranged in the matrix configuration are arranged to allow coolant flow directly across at least one surface of said plurality of battery cells.