Photochromic compositions and light transmissible articles
The invention related to a photochromic polymeric composition comprising a polymer matrix and a photochromic compound which is an adduct comprising a photochromic moiety and at least one pendant oligomer group to provide a rate of fade of the photochromic polymeric composition which is significantly changed when compared with the corresponding composition comprising the photochromic compound without said pendent oligomer. The invention also relates to a photochromic compound which is an adduct comprising a photochromic moiety and at least one pendent oligomer.
1. A photochromic polymeric composition comprising a polymer matrix and a photochromic compound which is an adduct comprising a photochromic moiety and at least one pendent group comprising at least one oligomer selected from the group consisting of polyether oligomers, polyalkylene oligomers, polyfluoroalkylene oligomers, polyfluoroalkylenyloxy oligomers, polydi(C 1 to C 10 hydrocarbyl)siloxane oligomers, polysilicene acid oligomers and derivatives thereof, poly(ZSi(OH) 3 ) oligomers and derivatives thereof, poly (ZSiCl 3 ) oligomers and derivatives thereof, poly(ZSi(OMe) 3 ) and mixtures thereof wherein Z is an organic group, wherein the photochromic compound is not reactive with the matrix so that it does not become covalently tethered to the polymer matrix.
2. A photochromic composition according to claim 1 wherein the polymer matrix has a Tg of at least 50° C.
3. A photochromic composition according to claim 2 wherein the polymer matrix has a Tg of at least 70° C.
4. A photochromic moiety according to claim 1 wherein the oligomer comprises at least 5 monomer units.
5. A photochromic composition according to claim 4 wherein the at least one oligomer is selected from the groups of formula Ia:
—(X) p (R 1 ) q —R 2 Ia
wherein
X is selected from oxygen, sulfur, amino, substituted amino and C 1 -C 4 alkylene;
p is0 or 1;
q is the number of monomer units;
R 1 , which may be the same or different, are selected from the group consisting of: C 2 to C 4 alkylene such as ethylene, propylene and butylene; halo C 2 to C 4 alkylene such as perfluoroethylene, perfluoropropylene and perfluorobutylene; C 2 to C 4 alkyleneoxy; C 2 to C 4 haloalyleneoxy; di(C 2 to C 4 alkyl) silyloxy; and
R 2 is selected from hydrogen, C 1 to C 6 alkyl and C 1 to C 6 haloalkyl, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted aryl, carboxylic acid and derivatives thereof.
6. A photochromic composition according to claim 1 wherein the oligomer comprises at least 7 monomer units.
7. A photochromic polymeric composition according to claim 1 wherein the oligomer comprises at least 5 di(C 1 to C 4 alkyl) silyloxy monomeric units.
8. A photochromic polymeric composition according to claim 1 , wherein the oligomer includes at least 5 monomer units selected from the group consisting of alkylenyloxy, perfluoroalkylene and perfluoroalkenyloxy monomeric units.
9. A photochromic composition according to claim 1 wherein the polymer matrix comprises at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of poly (vinyl acetate); polyurethanes; polycarbonates; polyethylene-terephthalates; polystyrene; copoly(styrene-methylmethacrylate); copoly(styrene-acrylonitride); poly(vinyl butyral); and polymers of one or more monomers selected from the group consisting of alkylcarbonate, multifunctional acrylate, multifunctional methacrylate, acrylate, methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, cellulose acetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate propionate, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate balynete, vinylalcohol, vinylchloride, vinylidene chloride and diacylidene pentaerythritol.
10. A photochromic polymeric composition according to claim 1 wherein the photochromic compound is incorporated in the polymeric matrix by application to a surface of a polymer matrix which is at least partially cured.
11. A photochromic polymeric composition according to claim 1 wherein the photochromic compound is blended with the polymeric matrix or monomer and/or prepolymer precursors of the polymeric matrix.
12. A photochromic polymeric composition according to claim 1 in the form of an optical lens or surface coating thereof.
13. A photochromic composition according to claim 1 wherein the fade half life is changed by at least 20% compared with a corresponding composition in the absence of the oligomer.
14. A photochromic composition according to claim 1 wherein t¾ is at least 40% reduced compared with a corresponding composition wherein the photochromic compound does not contain the oligomer.
15. A photochromic composition according to claim 1 wherein the photochromic compound comprises a photochromic moiety and a plurality of pendent groups comprising at least one oligomer wherein the oligomer group comprising at least one are located at least one on each side of said photochromic moiety whereby the rate of fade of the photochromic composition is reduced by at least 20% compared with a corresponding composition comprising the photochromic compound without the pendent groups comprising at least one oligomer.
16. A photochromic composition according to claim 1 wherein at least one oligomer have increased the fade half life of the photochromic composition when compared with a corresponding composition comprising the photochromic compound without the oligomer(s).
17. A photochromic polymeric composition comprising a polymer matrix and a photochromic compound which is an adduct comprising a photochromic moiety and at least one pendent group comprising at least one oligomer selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene oligomers, polyfluoroalkylene oligomers, polydi(C 1 to C 10 hydrocarbyl)siloxane oligomers and mixtures thereof.
18. A photochromic composition according to claim 17 wherein the photochromic compound is of formula I:
(PC)-(L(R) n ) m
wherein
PC is a photochromic moiety;
R is an oligomer chain selected from the group consisting of polyether oligomers, polyalkylene oligomers, polyfluoroalkylene oligomers, polydi(C 1 to C 4 alkyl)siloxane oligomers and mixtures thereof;
L is a bond or linking group;
n is an integer from 1 to 3;
m is an integer from 1 to 3; and
wherein the total number of monomer units in the oligomer R is at least 5.
19. A photochromic composition according to claim 18 wherein the photochromic moiety is selected from the group consisting of:
chromenes;
spirooxazines;
spiropyrans;
fulgidies, fulgimides;
anils;
perimidinespirocyclohexadienones;
stilbenes;
thioindigoids;
azo dyes; and
diarylethenes.
20. A photochromic composition according to claim 19 wherein the photochromic moiety is selected from the group consisting of naphthopyrans, benzopyrans, indenonaphthopyrans, phenanthropyrans, spiro(benzindoline)naphthopyrans, spiro(indoline)benzopyrans, spiro(indoline) naphthopyrans, spiroquinopyrans, spiro(indoline)pyrans; spirooxazines, spiro(indoline)-naphthoxazines, spiro(indoline)pyridobenzoxazines, spiro(benzindoline)-pyridobenzoxazines, spiro(benzindoline)naphthoxazines and spiro(indoline)-benzoxazines.
21. A photochromic polymeric composition according to claim 19 wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, haloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, hydroxy, optionally substituted amino, alkoxy, aryloxy, optionally substituted aryl, carboxyl and derivatives thereof.
22. A photochromic composition according to claim 18 wherein the linking group and oligomer together provide a longest chain length of at least 12 atoms.
23. A photochromic composition according to claim 22 wherein the longest chain length is at least 15 atoms.
24. A photochromic composition according to claim 17 wherein the fade half life is reduced by at least 40% compared with a corresponding composition comprising the photochromic compound without the oligomer.
25. A photochromic composition according to claim 17 wherein the photochromic compound remains unreacted with the polymer matrix.
26. A photochromic composition according to claim 17 wherein the fade half life is changed by at least 20% compared with a corresponding composition in the absence of the oligomer.
27. A photochromic composition comprising a polymer matrix and a photochromic compound which is an adduct comprising a photochromic moiety and at least one pendent oligomer comprising a polydi(C 1 to C 4 alkyl)siloxane oligomer.
28. A photochromic composition according to claim 27 wherein the fade half life is changed by at least 20% compared with a corresponding composition in the absence of the oligomer.
29. A photochromic composition according to claim 27 wherein the oligomer comprises at least 5 dialkylsilyloxy monomer units.
30. A photochromic composition according to claim 27 wherein the photochromic compound is represented by the formula:
(PC)-(L(R) n ) m
wherein
PC is a photochromic moiety;
R is polydi(C 1 to C 4 alkyl)siloxane oligomer;
L is a bond or linking group;
n is an integer from 1 to 3;
m is an integer from 1 to 3; and
wherein the total number of monomer units in the oligomer R is at least 7.
31. A photochromic composition according to claim 27 wherein the photochromic moiety is selected from the group consisting of:
chromenes;
spirooxazines;
spiropyrans;
fulgidies, fulgimides;
anils;
perimidinespirocyclohexadienones;
stilbenes;
thioindigoids;
azo dyes; and
diarylethenes.
32. A photochromic composition according to claim 27 wherein the at least one pendent oligomer is selected from groups represented by formula Ia:
—(X) p (R 1 ) q —R 2 Ia
wherein
X is selected from oxygen, sulfur, amino, substituted amino and C 1 -C 4 alkylene;
p is 0 or 1;
q is the number of monomer units and is at least 5;
R 1 is selected from di(C 1 to C 4 alkyl)silyloxy; and;
R 2 is selected from hydrogen, C 1 C 6 alkyl, C 1 C 6 haloalkyl, hydroxy, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted aryl, carboxylic acid and derivatives thereof.
33. A photochromic composition according to claim 1 wherein the polymer matrix comprises at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of poly (vinyl acetate); polyurethanes; polycarbonates; polyethylene-terephthalates; polystyrene; copoly(styrene-methyl-methacrylate); copoly(styrene-acrylonitride); poly(vinyl butyral); and polymers of one or more monomers selected from the group consisting of alkylcarbonate, multifunctional acrylate, multifunctional methacrylate, acrylate, methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, cellulose acetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate propionate, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate balynete, vinylalcohol, vinylchloride, vinylidenechloride and diacylidene pentaerythritol.
34. A photochromic polymeric composition according to claim 27 in the form of an optical lens or surface coating thereof.
35. A photochromic composition according to claim 27 wherein the polydi(C 1 to C 4 alkyl)siloxane oligomer group is a polydimethylsiloxane oligomer.
36. A photochromic composition according to claim 27 wherein at least one oligomer is selected from the group consisting of polyether oligomers, polyalkylene oligomers, polyfluoroalkylene oligomers, polyfluoroalkylenyloxy oligomers and polydi(C 1 to C 10 hydrocarbyl)siloxane oligomers.