Magnetic field stimulation techniques
The invention involves enhancing brain function by stimulating the brain using magnetic fields. Applications of the new methods include improving the condition of individuals with cognitive disorders, such as depression, and studying the effects of neural stimulation using induced electric fields. These techniques can avoid deleterious effects of psychotropic pharmaceutical treatments, and provide a relatively safe, comfortable, inexpensive means of direct cranial stimulation.
1. A method of enhancing brain function, comprising:
(a) selecting a person for enhancement of brain function using a magnetic field;
(b) generating a time-varying magnetic field, wherein the magnetic field induces an electric field in air comprising a series of electric pulses, wherein the pulses have a duration less than about 10 milliseconds, and wherein each pulse has a single polarity and the pulses are separated by periods of substantially no electric field;
(c) subjecting the person's head to the time-varying magnetic field; and
(d) evaluating the person for enhanced brain function after subjecting the person to the magnetic field, wherein selecting a person involves identifying a subject showing symptoms of bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, or obsessive-compulsive disorder.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electric field is substantially unidirectional over at least a region of the brain.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the region is an interior region of the brain.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the region is a prefrontal cortex.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein successive electric pulses have alternating polarity.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electric pulses have an amplitude less than about 5 V/m.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the duration of each electric pulse in the series is less than or equal to about 1 millisecond.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the frequency of the series of electric pulses is about 1 kHz.
9. A method of enhancing brain function, comprising:
(a) selecting a person for enhancement of brain function using a magnetic field;
(b) generating a time-varying magnetic field, wherein the magnetic field induces an electric field in air comprising a series of electric pulses, wherein the series of pulses has a frequency of at least about 100 Hz, and wherein each pulse has a single polarity and the pulses are and separated by periods of substantially no electric field;
(c) subjecting the person's head to the time-varying magnetic field; and
(d) evaluating the person for enhanced brain function after subjecting the person to the magnetic field, wherein selecting a person involves identifying a subject showing symptoms of bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, or obsessive-compulsive disorder.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the electric field is substantially unidirectional over at least a region of the brain.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the region is an interior region of the brain.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the region is a prefrontal cortex.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein successive electric pulses have alternating polarity.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the electric pulses have an amplitude less than about 5 V/m.
15. A method of enhancing brain function, comprising:
(a) selecting a person for enhancement of brain function using a magnetic field;
(b) generating a time-varying magnetic field with a maximum strength of less than about 50 G, wherein the magnetic field induces an electric field in air comprising a series of electric pulses, wherein each pulse has a single polarity and the pulses are separated by periods of substantially no electric field;
(c) subjecting the person's head to the time-varying magnetic field; and
(d) evaluating the person for enhanced brain function after subjecting the person to the magnetic field.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein selecting a person involves identifying a subject showing symptoms of bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, or obsessive-compulsive disorder.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein successive electric pulses have alternating polarity.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the electric pulses have an amplitude less than about 5 V/m.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the series of pulses has have a frequency of about 1 kHz.