Suspended microchannel detectors
An apparatus for detecting an analyte in solution that has a suspended beam containing at least one microfluidic channel containing a capture ligand that bonds to or reacts with an analyte. The apparatus also includes at least one detector for measuring a change in the beam upon binding or reaction of the analyte. A method of making the suspended microfluidic channels is disclosed, as well as, a method of integrating the microfluidic device with conventional microfluidics having larger sample fluid channels.
1. An apparatus comprising:
at least one suspended beam wherein the beam encloses one or more sealed microfluidic channels, wherein each microfluidic channel has at least one inner surface that is treated with a capture ligand to bind to or react with at least one analyte; wherein the capture ligand is bound to the interior surface of the microfluidic channel; and wherein the beam is a resonating beam and the device measures changes in resonance frequency of the beam.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a device for measuring a change in a mechanical property of the beam.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the device for measuring a change in the mechanical property of the beam is one or more capacitors.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the one or more capacitors are in contact with a surface of the beam.
5. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the device measures the conductivity of the microfluidic channel.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more microfluidic channels has a depth in the range of between about 100 nm and about 3000 nm.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the one or more microfluidic channels have at least one wall with a thickness in the range of between about 100 nm and 1200 nm.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the beam is suspended in a low pressure environment.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the beam is in a controlled environment.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the beam is a cantilever beam.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the beam is suspended between two mechanically stable supports.
12. An apparatus comprising:
at least one suspended beam wherein the beam encloses one or more sealed inicrofluidic channels, wherein each inicrofluidic channel has at least one inner surface that is treated with a capture ligand to bind to or react with at least one analyte; wherein the one or more microfluidic channels further comprises a gel and the capture ligand is bound to the gel; and
wherein the beam is a resonating beam and the device measures changes in resonance frequency of the beam.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the beam has two mierofluidic channels that meet in a region containing a polymerized gel then separate downstream from the gel.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the analyte is transportable into the gel via pressure from the fluid flow.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 or 12 , wherein the resonance of each beam is driven by a pair of drive electrodes.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the drive electrodes are also used to measure a change in the mechanical property of the beam.
17. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein one of the electrodes of the electrode pair is common to all the beams and the other electrode of the electrode pair is separately addressable for each beam.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the common electrode is in contact with the each beam.
19. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the common electrode is an electrolyte solution in the microfluidic channel.
20. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the electrodes are a metal that is, independently, selected from the group consisting of gold, nickel, platinum, aluminum, copper, antimony, tin, indium, chromium, titanium, and alloys thereof.
21. The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the electrodes are gold.
22. The apparatus of claim 1 or 12 , wherein the capture ligand is a nucleic acid.
23. The apparatus of claim 22 , wherein the capture ligand is a single stranded DNA.
24. The apparatus of claim 22 , wherein the capture ligand is double stranded DNA.