Process for the removal of contaminants from gas streams
The present invention provides for a method and apparatus for removing contaminants from a gas stream such as a flue gas stream from an industrial process. The process utilizes a prescrubber to contact the gas stream before the gas stream contacts an oxidizer in an oxidizer zone. The oxidized gas is then treated to either a first and second scrubber operation or just a single scrubber operation.
1. A process for removing contaminants from a gas stream comprising the steps:
(a) feeding said gas stream into prescrubber containing an aqueous alkali solution, wherein said prescrubber selectively converts oxides of sulfur into sulfites, bisulfites or sulfurous acid;
(b) feeding said gas stream from said prescrubber and an ozone stream into an oxidizer zone wherein ozone is fed in an amount which is in stoichiometric excess to the amount of nitrogen oxides present in said gas stream;
(c) feeding said gas stream from said oxidizer zone to a first scrubber wherein an oxidative condition is maintained in said first scrubber; and
(d) feeding said gas stream from said first scrubber into a second scrubber containing a sulfite solution.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said contaminants are selected from the group consisting of nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, acid gases and heavy metals.
3. The process as claimed in claim 2 wherein said acid gases are hydrochloric acid.
4. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said gas stream is a flue gas stream.
5. The process as claimed in claim 4 wherein said flue gas stream is from a fossil fuel fired furnace or utility boiler flue gas stream.
6. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said nitrogen oxides are selected from the group consisting of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide.
7. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said heavy metals are mercury.
8. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said gas stream is demisted.
9. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said oxidizer zone oxidizes said nitrogen oxides and said heavy metals.
10. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said oxidative condition oxidizes said nitrogen oxides and said sulfur oxides to form oxyacids.
11. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein a reagent is added to said first scrubber to maintain said oxidative conditions.
12. The process as claimed in claim 11 wherein said reagent is selected from the group consisting of ammonia, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxides, carbonates, and hydroxides.
13. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said second scrubber will remove the remaining ozone from said gas stream.
14. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the concentration of said ozone is from about 2 to about 18 percent by weight.
15. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said ozone is fed to said oxidizer zone in an amount of greater stoichiometry than the amount of nitrogen oxides present in said gas stream.
16. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said oxidizer zone, said first scrubber and said second scrubber are contained in a vessel.
17. The process as claimed in claim 16 wherein said vessel contains three layers and each of said three layers corresponds to said oxidizer zone, said first scrubber and said second scrubber.
18. The process as claimed in claim 17 wherein said oxidizer zone is the bottom level and said second scrubber is the top level.
19. A process for removing contaminants from a gas stream comprising the steps:
(a) feeding said gas stream into prescrubber containing an aqueous alkali solution, wherein said prescrubber selectively converts oxides of sulfur into sulfites, bisulfites or sulfurous acid;
(b) feeding said gas stream from said prescrubber and an ozone stream into an oxidizer zone wherein ozone is fed in an amount which is in stoichiometric excess to the amount of nitrogen oxides present in said gas stream; and
(c) feeding said gas stream from said oxidizer zone to a first scrubber, wherein an oxidative condition is maintained in said first scrubber.
20. The process as claimed in claim 19 wherein said contaminants are selected from the group consisting of nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, acid gases and heavy metals.
21. The process as claimed in claim 20 wherein said nitrogen oxides are selected from the group consisting of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide.
22. The process as claimed in claim 20 wherein said acid gases are hydrochloric acid.
23. The process as claimed in claim 20 wherein said heavy metals are mercury.
24. The process as claimed in claim 19 wherein said gas stream is a flue gas stream.
25. The process as claimed in claim 24 wherein said flue gas stream is from a fossil fuel fired furnace or utility boiler flue gas stream.
26. The process as claimed in claim 19 wherein said gas stream is demisted.
27. The process as claimed in claim 19 wherein said oxidizer zone oxidizes said nitrogen oxides and said heavy metals.
28. The process as claimed in claim 19 wherein said oxidizer zone oxidizes said nitrogen oxides and said sulfur oxides to form oxyacids.
29. The process as claimed in claim 19 wherein a reagent is added to said first scrubber to maintain said absorptive conditions.
30. The process as claimed in claim 29 wherein said reagent is selected from the group consisting of ammonia, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxides, carbonates, and hydroxides.
31. The process as claimed in claim 19 wherein the concentration of said ozone is from about 2 to about 18 percent by weight.
32. The process as claimed in claim 19 wherein said ozone is fed to said oxidizer zone in an amount of greater stoichiometry than the amount of nitrogen oxides present in said gas stream.