Electrical power source designs and components
Provided, among other things, is ion-conductive membrane assembly comprising: a porous core; and sandwiching the porous core therebetween, two ion-conductive membranes; wherein the porous core is adapted to retain a ion-conductive liquid.
1. A stacked electrochemical power source assembly comprising:
a) two or more electrochemical cells; and
b) at least one bipolar plate positioned between two electrochemical cells, the bipolar plate comprising at least two resistant layers and at least one metal layer positioned between the resistant layers, wherein at least one resistant layer comprises conductive vias therethrough, and the conductive vias and the metal layer are comprised of different materials;
wherein the at least one resistant layer of the bipolar plate and conductive vias of the resistant layer are in contact with the electrochemical cells.
2. The stacked electrochemical power source assembly of claim 1 , wherein the vias are such that 50% or less of the volume of the resistant layer is conductor.
3. The stacked electrochemical power source assembly of claim 1 , wherein the metal layer is porous or has a porous surface.
4. The stacked electrochemical power source assembly of claim 1 , wherein the at least one bipolar plate incorporates internal channels adapted to carry a heat exchange fluid.
5. The stacked electrochemical power source assembly of claim 4 , wherein the at least one bipolar plate comprises a metal layer sandwiched between two via-containing resistant layers and the internal channels are within the metal layer.
6. The stacked electrochemical power source assembly of claim 1 , wherein the at least one bipolar plate is corrugated.
7. The stacked electrochemical power source assembly of claim 6 , wherein at least one of two major exterior surfaces of the at least one bipolar plate has micro-channels or pits adapted to spread condensed water over the at least one of two major exterior surfaces or both major exterior surfaces.
8. The stacked electrochemical power source assembly of claim 1 , wherein an exterior surface of the at least one bipolar plate is shaped to provide channels for the flow of electrochemical power source reactants.