Arrays of probes for positional sequencing by hybridization
This invention is directed to methods and reagents useful for sequencing nucleic acid targets utilizing sequencing by hybridization technology comprising probes, arrays of probes and methods whereby sequence information is obtained rapidly and efficiently in discrete packages. That information can be used for the detection, identification, purification and complete or partial sequencing of a particular target nucleic acid. When coupled with a ligation step, these methods can be performed under a single set of hybridization conditions. The invention also relates to the replication of probe arrays and methods for making and replicating arrays of probes which are useful for the large scale manufacture of diagnostic aids used to screen biological samples for specific target sequences. Arrays created using PCR technology may comprise probes with 5′- and/or 3′-overhangs.
1. An array of nucleic acid probes, wherein each probe comprises:
a single-stranded first nucleic acid of about 15–25 nucleotides in length;
a longer single-stranded second nucleic acid of about 20–30 nucleotides in length, comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to the first nucleic acid and a random terminal nucleotide sequence of between 3–10 nucleotides in length; and
an oligonucleotide of 4–20 nucleotides in length, comprising a random nucleotide sequence, wherein:
the first nucleic acid is hybridized to the second nucleic acid to form a hybrid having a double-stranded portion and a single-stranded portion comprising the random terminal nucleotide sequence of between 3–10 nucleotides in length; and
the oligonucleotide is ligated to the random nucleotide sequence of the second nucleic acid.
2. The array of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acids in the array are fixed to a solid support selected from the group consisting of plastics, ceramics, metals, resins, gels, membranes, and chips.
3. The array of claim 2 , wherein the solid support is a two-dimensional or a three-dimensional matrix with multiple probe binding sites.
4. The array of claim 1 , wherein the probes are labelled with a detectable label.
5. The array of claim 4 , wherein the detectable label is selected from the group consisting of radioisotope, a stable isotope, an enzyme, an antibody, a fluorescent chemical, a luminescent chemical, a chromatic chemical, and a metal.
6. The array of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acids are DNA, RNA, Protein Nucleic Acid (PNA), or a combination thereof.
7. The array of claim 1 , wherein the probes are fixed to a solid support by conjugating to a coupling agent selected from the group consisting of antibody/antigen, biotin/streptavidin, Staphylococcus aureus protein A/IgG antibody F c fragment, nucleic acid/nucleic acid binding protein, and streptavidin/protein A chimeras.
8. The array of claim 1 , wherein the random region is of length R and the array comprises about 4 R different nucleic acid probes.
9. The array of claim 1 , wherein the double-stranded portion of each probe includes an enzyme recognition site.