Compounds having β

1. A compound of formula I:

wherein

G 1 represents S;

G 2 represents NH;

W represents O or NW a ; where W a is hydrogen or (1-4C)alkyl;

each R 1 is independently selected from (1-4C)alkyl, (2-4C)alkenyl, (2-4C)alkynyl, (3-6C)cycloalkyl, cyano, halo, —OR 1a , —C(O)OR 1b , —SR 1c , —S(O)R 1d , —S(O) 2 R 1e and —NR 1f R 1g ; where each of R 1a , R 1b , R 1c , R 1d , R 1e , R 1f and R 1g is independently hydrogen, (1-4C)alkyl or phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl;

each R 2 is independently selected from (1-4C)alkyl, (2-4C)alkenyl, (2-4C)alkynyl, (3-6C)cycloalkyl, cyano, halo, —OR 2a , —C(O)OR 2b , —SR 2c , —S(O)R 2d , —S(O) 2 R 2e and —NR 2f R 2g ; where each of R 2a , R 2b , R 2c , R 2d , R 2e , R 2f and R 2g is independently hydrogen, (1-4C)alkyl or phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl;

each R 3 is independently selected from (1-4C)alkyl, (2-4C)alkenyl, (2-4C)alkynyl, (3-6C)cycloalkyl, cyano, halo, —OR 3a , —C(O)OR 3b , —SR 3c , —S(O)R 3d , —S(O) 2 R 3e and —NR 3f R 3g ; or two R 3 groups are joined to form (1-3C)alkylene or (2-3C)alkenylene; where each of R 3a , R 3b , R 3c , R 3d , R 3e , R 3f and R 3g is independently hydrogen or (1-4C)alkyl;

R 4 is a divalent group of the formula:

—(R 4a ) d -(A 1 ) e -(R 4b ) f -Q-(R 4c ) g -(A 2 ) h -(R 4d ) i —

wherein

d, e, f, g, h and i are each independently selected from 0 and 1;

R 4a , R 4b , R 4c and R 4d are each independently selected from (1-10C)alkylene, (2-10C)alkenylene and (2-10C)alkynylene, wherein each alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene group is unsubstituted or substituted with from 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from (1-4C)alkyl, fluoro, hydroxy, phenyl and phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl;

A 1 and A 2 are each independently selected from (3-7C)cycloalkylene, (6-10C)arylene, —O-(6-10C)arylene, (6-10C)arylene-O—, (2-9C)heteroarylene, —O-(2-9C)heteroarylene, (2-9C)heteroarylene-O— and (3-6C)heterocyclene,

wherein each heteroarylene or heterocyclene is selected from piperidinylene, pyridylene, pyrrolidinylene, benzimidazolylene, thienylene, furanylene, and tetrahydrofuranylene;

wherein each cycloalkylene is unsubstituted or substituted with from 1 to 4 substituents selected independently from (1-4C)alkyl, and each arylene, heteroarylene or heterocyclene group is unsubstituted or substituted with from 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from halo, (1-4C)alkyl, (1-4C)alkoxy, —S-(1-4C)alkyl, —S(O)-(1-4C)alkyl, —S(O) 2 -(1-4C)alkyl, —C(O)O(1-4C)alkyl, carboxy, cyano, hydroxy, nitro, trifluoromethyl and trifluoromethoxy;

Q is selected from a bond, —O—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —S—, —S(O)—, —S(O) 2 —, —N(Q a )C(O)—, —C(O)N(Q b )-, —N(Q c )S(O) 2 —, —S(O) 2 N(Q d )-, —N(Q e )C(O)N(Q f )-, —N(Q g )S(O) 2 N(Q h )-, —OC(O)N(Q i )-, —N(Q j )C(O)O— and —N(Q k );

Q a , Q b , Q c , Q d , Q e , Q f , Q g , Q h , Q i , Q j and Q k are each independently selected from hydrogen, (1-6C)alkyl, A 3 and (1-4C)alkylene-A 4 , wherein the alkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from fluoro, hydroxy and (1-4C)alkoxy;

A 3 and A 4 are each independently selected from (3-6C)cycloalkyl, (6-10C)aryl, (2-9C)heteroaryl and (3-6C)heterocyclyl,

wherein each heteroaryl or heterocyclyl is selected from piperidinyl, pyridyl, pyrrolidinyl, benzimidazolyl, thienyl, furanyl, and tetrahydrofuranyl;

wherein each cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with from 1 to 4 substituents selected independently from (1-4C)alkyl and each aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with from 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from halo, (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkoxy;

R 5 represents hydrogen or (1-4C)alkyl;

R 6 represents hydrogen or hydroxyl;

each R 7a and R 7b is independently selected from hydrogen, (1-4C)alkyl, hydroxy and fluoro;

a is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3;

b is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3;

c is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 4;

d is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 5; and

m is 2;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate or stereoisomer thereof.

2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein W represents O.

3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein a, b, and c are each 0, and R 5 is hydrogen.

4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein d is 0.

5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein d is 1; and R 7a and R 7b are both hydrogen.

6. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein R 6 is hydrogen.

7. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein R 6 hydroxy.

8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 4 is a divalent group of the formula: —(R 4a ) d— where R 4a is (4-10C)alkylene.

9. The compound of claim 8 , wherein R 4 is —(CH 2 ) 4 —, —(CH 2 ) 5 —, —(CH 2 ) 6 —, —(CH 2 ) 7 —, —(CH 2 ) 9 , or —(CH 2 ) 10 —.

10. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 4 is a divalent group of the formula:

—(R 4a ) d -(A 2 ) h -(R 4d ) i —

where R 4a is (1-10C)alkylene; A 2 is (6-10C)arylene or (2-9C)heteroarylene; and R 4d is (1-10C)alkylene.

11. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 4 is a divalent group of the formula:

—(R 4a ) d -Q-(A 2 ) h -(R 4d ) i —

where Q is —O— or —N(Q k )—; Q k is hydrogen or (1-3C)alkyl; R 4a is (1-10C)alkylene; A 2 is (6-10C)arylene or (2-9C)heteroarylene; and R 4d is (1-10C)alkylene.

12. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Q is —N(Q a )C(O)— or —C(O)N(Q b )—.

13. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has formula Ia:

14. The compound of claim 13 , wherein

a is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3;

each R 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of (1-4C)alkyl, (2-4C)alkenyl, (2-4C)alkynyl, (3-6C)cycloalkyl, cyano, halo, —OR 1a , —C(O)OR 1b , SR 1c , —S(O)R 1d , —S(O) 2 R 1e , and —NR 1f R 1g ;

each of R 1a , R 1b , R 1c , R 1d , R 1e , R 1f and R 1g is independently hydrogen or (1-4C)alkyl;

b is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3;

each R 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of (1-4C)alkyl, (2-4C)alkenyl, (2-4C)alkynyl, (3-6C)cycloalkyl, cyano, halo, —OR 2a , —C(O)OR 2b , SR 2c , —S(O)R 2d , —S(O) 2 R 2e , and —NR 2f R 2g ;

each of R 2a , R 2b , R 2c , R 2d , R 2e , R 2f and R g is independently hydrogen or (1-4C)alkyl;

W is attached to the 3- or 4-position with respect to the nitrogen atom in the piperidine ring, and represents O or NW a ;

W a is hydrogen or (1-4C)alkyl;

c is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 4;

each R 3 is a substituent on carbon independently selected from the group consisting of (1-4C)alkyl, (2-4C)alkenyl, (2-4C)alkynyl, (3-6C)cycloalkyl, cyano, halo, —OR 3a , —C(O)OR 3b , SR 3c , —S(O)R 3d , —S(O) 2 R 3e , and —NR 3f R 3g ;

each of R 3a , R 3b , R 3c , R 3d , R 3e , R 3f and R 3g is independently hydrogen or (1-4C)alkyl;

R 4 is a divalent group of the formula:

—(R 4a ) d -(A 1 ) e -(R 4b ) f -Q-(R 4c ) g -(A 2 ) h -(R 4d ) i —

wherein

d, e, f, g, h and i are each independently selected from 0 and 1;

R 4a , R b , R 4c and R 4d are each independently selected from the group consisting of (1-10C)alkylene, (2-10C)alkenylene and (2-10C)alkynylene wherein each alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene group is unsubstituted or substituted with from 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of (1-4C)alkyl, fluoro, hydroxy, phenyl and phenyl(1-4C)-alkyl;

A 1 and A 2 are each independently selected from (3-7C)cycloalkylene, (6-10C)arylene, (2-9C)heteroarylene and (3-6C)heterocyclene;

wherein each heteroarylene or heterocyclene is selected from piperidinylene, pyridylene, pyrrolidinylene, benzimidazolylene, thienylene, furanylene, and tetrahydrofuranylene;

wherein each cycloalkylene is unsubstituted or substituted with from 1 to 4 substituents selected independently from (1-4C)alkyl and each arylene, heteroarylene or heterocyclene group is unsubstituted or substituted with from 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkoxy;

Q is selected from a bond, —O—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —S—, —S(O)—, —S(O) 2 —, —N(Q a )C(O)—, —C(O)N(Q b )-, —N(Q c )S(O) 2 —, —S(O) 2 N(Q d )-, —N(Q e )C(O)N(Q f )-, —N(Q g )S(O) 2 N(Q h )-, —OC(O)N(Q i )-, —N(Q j )C(O)O— and —N(Q k );

Q a , Q b , Q c , Q d , Q e , Q f , Q g , Q h , Q i , Q j and Q k are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (1-6C)alkyl, A 3 and (1-4C)alkylene-A 4 ; wherein the alkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from fluoro, hydroxy and (1-4C)alkoxy;

A 3 and A 4 are each independently selected from (3-6C)cycloalkyl, (6-10C)aryl, (2-9C)heteroaryl and (3-6C)heterocyclyl;

wherein each heteroaryl or heterocyclyl is selected from piperidinyl, pyridyl, pyrrolidinyl, benzimidazolyl, thienyl, furanyl, and tetrahydrofuranyl;

wherein each cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with from 1 to 4 substituents selected independently from (1-4C)alkyl and each aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with from 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkoxy;

provided that the number of contiguous atoms in the shortest chain between the two nitrogen atoms to which R 4 is attached is in the range of from 4 to 14;

R 5 represents hydrogen or (1-4C)alkyl;

R 6 represents hydrogen or hydroxyl; and

G 1 represents S;

G 1 represents NH;

or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or solvate or stereoisomer thereof.

15. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has formula Ib:

16. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has formula Ic:

17. The compound of claim 13 , 15 or 16 , wherein W represents O.

18. The compound of claim 13 , 15 or 16 , wherein a, b and c are 0.

19. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has formula Id:

20. The compound of claim 13 , 15 , 16 or 19 , wherein R 4 is selected from:

—(CH 2 ) 7 —;

—(CH 2 ) 8 —;

—(CH 2 ) 9 —;

—(CH 2 ) 10 —;

—(CH 2 ) 11 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(CH 2 ) 5 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 N(CH 3 )C(O)(CH 2 ) 5 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(phen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(O)(phen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(O)NH(CH 2 ) 5 —;

—(CH 2 ) 3 NHC(O)NH(CH 2 ) 5 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NHCH 2 (cyclohex-1,3-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(O)(cyclopent-1,3-ylene)-;

—(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(O)NH(phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

1-[—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)](piperidin-4-yl)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(O)(trans-cyclohex-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(O)(cis-cyclopent-1,3-ylene)-;

—(CH 2 ) 2 NH(phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

1-[—(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(O)](piperidin-4-yl)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

—CH 2 (phen-1,4-ylene)NH(phen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NHCH 2 (phen-1,3-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NHCH 2 (pyrid-2,6-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(cis-cyclohex-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(trans-cyclohex-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(O)(cis-cyclopent-1,3-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 N(CH 3 )C(O)(phen-1,3-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 N(CH 3 )C(O)(trans-cyclohex-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(phen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(phen-1,4-ylene)C*H(CH 3 )—((S)-isomer);

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(phen-1,4-ylene)C*H(CH 3 )—((R)-isomer);

2-[(S)-(—CH 2 —](pyrrolidin-1-yl)C(O)(CH 2 ) 4 —;

2-[(S)-(—CH 2 —](pyrrolidin-1-yl)C(O)(phen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(4-chlorophen-1,3-ylene)CH 2 —;

—CH 2 (2-fluorophen-1,3-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(4-methylphen-1,3-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(6-chlorophen-1,3-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(2-chlorophen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(2,6-dichlorophen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(O)NHCH 2 (phen-1,3-ylene)CH 2 —;

4-[—CH 2 —](piperidin-1-yl)C(O)(phen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)N(CH 2 CH 3 )(phen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

1-[—(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(O)](piperidin-4-yl)-;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(O)(thien-2,5-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 N(CH 3 )C(O)(3-nitrophen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 N(CH 3 )C(O)(trans-cyclohex-1,4-ylene)-;

1-[—CH 2 (2-fluorophen-1,3-ylene)CH 2 ](piperidin-4-yl)-;

5-[—(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(O)](pyrid-2-yl)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 (phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 3 (thien-2,5-ylene)(CH 2 ) 3 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 (phen-1,4-ylene)NH(phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

—CH 2 (phen-1,2-ylene)NH(phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

1-[—CH 2 (2-fluorophen-1,3-ylene)CH 2 ](piperidin-4-yl)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

1-[—CH 2 (2-fluorophen-1,3-ylene)CH 2 ](piperidin-4-yl)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(3-chlorophen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(2-(CF 3 O—)phen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 3 (phen-1,3-ylene)NH(phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 S(O) 2 NH(CH 2 ) 5 —;

—CH 2 (phen-1,3-ylene)NH(phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(2-iodophen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(2-chloro-5-methoxyphen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(2-chloro-6-methylphen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 N(CH 3 )S(O) 2 (phen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(2-bromophen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 3 (phen-1,4-ylene)NH(phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 3 (phen-1,2-ylene)NH(phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

1-[—CH 2 (2-fluorophen-1,3-ylene)CH 2 ](piperidin-4-yl)(CH 2 ) 3 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(2-methoxyphen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 5 NH(phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

4-[—(CH 2 ) 2 —](piperidin-1-yl)(phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(phen-1,4-ylene)CH(CH 3 )CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 -(trans-cyclohex-1,4-ylene)NH(phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(2-fluorophen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 (phen-1,3-ylene)NH(phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(2,5-difluorophen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(O)(phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

1-[—CH 2 (pyrid-2,6-ylene)CH 2 ](piperidin-4-yl)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 3 NH(phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 NH(naphth-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 3 O(phen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

1-[—(CH 2 ) 3 ](piperidin-4-yl)CH 2 —;

4-[—(CH 2 ) 2 ](piperidin-1-yl)C(O)(phen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 3 (phen-1,4-ylene)NHC(O)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 3 O(phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

2-[—(CH 2 ) 2 ](benzimidazol-5-yl)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 -(trans-cyclohex-1,4-ylene)NHC(O)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 -(trans-cyclohex-1,4-ylene)NHC(O)(CH 2 ) 4 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 -(trans-cyclohex-1,4-ylene)NHC(O)(CH 2 ) 5 —;

4-[—(CH 2 ) 2 ](piperidin-1-yl)C(O)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(O)NH(phen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 N(CH 3 )(CH 2 ) 2 (cis-cyclohex-1,4-ylene)-;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(2,6-diiodophen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

4-[—(CH 2 ) 2 ](piperidin-1-yl)C(O)(CH 2 ) 3 —;

4-[—(CH 2 ) 2 ](piperidin-1-yl)C(O)(CH 2 ) 4 —;

4-[—(CH 2 ) 2 ](piperidin-1-yl)C(O)(CH 2 ) 5 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NHCH 2 (phen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(O)NHCH 2 (phen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(2-methylphen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

1-[—(CH 2 ) 3 O(phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 ](piperidin-4-yl)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NHCH 2 (phen-1,3-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 O(phen-1,3-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 N(CH 3 )C(O)CH 2 O(phen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 N(CH 3 )C(O)CH 2 O(phen-1,3-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 N(CH 3 )C(O)(fur-2,5-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 N(CH 3 )C(O)(thien-2,5-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 O(phen-1,4-ylene)O(CH 2 ) 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 (trans-cyclohex-1,4-ylene)NHC(O)(phen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 (trans-cyclohex-1,4-ylene)NHC(O)CH 2 O(phen-1,2-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 (trans-cyclohex-1,4-ylene)NHC(O)CH 2 O(phen-1,3-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 (trans-cyclohex-1,4-ylene)NHC(O)CH 2 O(phen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 (trans-cyclohex-1,4-ylene)NHC(O)(fur-2,5-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 (trans-cyclohex-1,4-ylene)NHC(O)(thien-2,5-ylene)CH 2 —;

4-[—(CH 2 ) 2 ](piperidin-1-yl)C(O)CH 2 O(phen-1,2-ylene)CH 2 —;

4-[—(CH 2 ) 2 ](piperidin-1-yl)C(O)CH 2 O(phen-1,3-ylene)CH 2 —;

4-[—(CH 2 ) 2 ](piperidin-1-yl)C(O)CH 2 O(phen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

4-[—(CH 2 ) 2 ](piperidin-1-yl)C(O)(fur-2,5-ylene)CH 2 —;

4-[—(CH 2 ) 2 ](piperidin-1-yl)C(O)(thien-2,5-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 (phen-1,4-ylene)NHC(O)(phen-1,3-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 (phen-1,4-ylene)NHC(O)(phen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 (phen-1,4-ylene)NHC(O)CH 2 O(phen-1,2-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 (phen-1,4-ylene)NHC(O)CH 2 O(phen-1,3-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 (phen-1,4-ylene)NHC(O)CH 2 O(phen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 (phen-1,4-ylene)NHC(O)(fur-2,5-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 (phen-1,4-ylene)NHC(O)(thien-2,5-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 (trans-cyclohex-1,4-ylene)NHC(O)(phen-1,3-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 3 O(phen-1,3-ylene)CH 2 —;

—CH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 NH(phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 4 NH(phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(phen-1,4-ylene)CH 2 NHC(O)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(O)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NHCH 2 (trans-cyclohex-1,4-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(O)(CH 2 ) 5 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 O(phen-1,3-ylene)O(CH 2 ) 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 O(phen-1,2-ylene)O(CH 2 ) 2 —;

—CH 2 (phen-1,2-ylene)O(phen-1,2-ylene)CH 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 C(O)NH(CH 2 ) 6 —;

—(CH 2 ) 3 (phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 3 —;

—(CH 2 ) 3 (phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 4 (phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 3 (furan-2,5-ylene)(CH 2 ) 3 —;

—(CH 2 ) 2 N(CH 3 )C(O)NH(phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

4-[—(CH 2 ) 2 ](piperidin-1-yl)C(O)NH(phen-1,4-ylene)(CH 2 ) 2 —;

—(CH 2 ) 3 (phen-1,3-ylene)(CH 2 ) 3 —;

—(CH 2 ) 3 (tetrahydrofuran-2,5-ylene)(CH 2 ) 3 —; and

—(CH 2 ) 2 O(phen-1,4-ylene)C(O)(CH 2 ) 2 —.

21. A compound selected from:

biphenyl-2-ylcarbamic acid 1-{9-[2-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzothiazol-7-yl)-ethylamino]nonyl}piperidin-4-yl ester;

biphenyl-2-ylcarbamic acid 1-[2-(4-{[2-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzothiazol-7-yl)ethylamino]methyl}phenylcarbamoyl)ethyl]-piperidin-4-yl ester;

3-[4-(3-biphenyl-2-ylureido)piperidin-1-yl]-N-(4-{[2-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-benzothiazol-7-yl)ethylamino]methyl}-phenyl)propionamide; and

biphenyl-2-ylcarbamic acid 1-[2-(4-{2-[2-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzothiazol-7-yl)-ethylamino]ethyl}phenylcarbamoyl)ethyl]-piperidin-4-yl ester;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

22. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a compound of any one of claims 1 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 19 , or 21 .