Porous membrane of vinylidene fluoride resin and process for producing the same
There is provided a porous membrane of vinylidene fluoride resin which has pores of appropriate size and distribution and also excellent mechanical strength represented by tensile strength and elongation at break and is useful as a microfiltration membrane or a separator for batteries. The porous membrane of vinylidene fluoride resin is characterized by the presence in mixture of a crystalline oriented portion and a crystalline non-oriented portion as confirmed by X-ray diffraction, and is produced by subjecting a melt-extruded composition obtained by mixing a vinylidene fluoride resin having a molecular weight distribution which is appropriately broad and high as a whole with a plasticizer and a good solvent for vinylidene fluoride resin, to cooling for solidification from one surface, extraction of the plasticizer and stretching.
1. A hollow yarn porous membrane of vinylidene fluoride resin for water filtration, comprising a hollow yarn-form porous membrane of:
(A) a vinylidene fluoride resin having a weight-average molecular weight of at least 200,000 and a ratio of weight-average molecular weight/number-average molecular weight of at least 2.5, or
(B) a vinylidene fluoride resin comprising 2-75 wt. % of a first vinylidene fluoride resin having a weight-average molecular weight of 400,000-1,200,000 and 25-98 wt. % of a second vinylidene fluoride resin having a weight-average molecular weight of 150,000-600,000 giving a ratio of the weight-average molecular weight of the first vinylidene fluoride resin/the weight-average molecular weight of the second vinylidene fluoride resin of at least 1.2,
wherein a crystalline oriented portion and a crystalline non-oriented portion are present in mixture as confirmed by X-ray diffraction.
2. A porous membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the vinylidene fluoride resin comprises 5-75 wt. % of a first vinylidene fluoride resin having a weight-average molecular weight of 400,000-1,200,000 and 25-95 wt. % of a second vinylidene fluoride resin having a weight-average molecular weight of 150,000-600,000 giving a ratio of the weight-average molecular weight of the first vinylidene fluoride resin/the weight-average molecular weight of the second vinylidene fluoride resin of at least 1.2.
3. A porous membrane according to claim 1 , having a porosity of 55-90%, a tensile strength of at least 5 MPa and an elongation at break of at least 5%.
4. A porous membrane according to claim 1 , having a tensile yield strength of at least 5 MPa and a yield elongation of at least 5%.
5. A porous membrane according to claim 1 , having a water permeation rate of at least 5 m 3 /m 2 ·day·100 kPa.
6. A porous membrane according to claim 1 , having a form of hollow yarn having a thickness of 5-800 μm and an outer diameter of 0.3-3 mm.
7. A process for producing a hollow yarn porous membrane of vinylidene fluoride resin for water filtration, comprising:
providing a composition by adding 70-250 wt. parts of a plasticizer and 5-80 wt. parts of a good solvent for vinylidene fluoride resin to 100 wt. parts of (A) a vinylidene fluoride resin having a weight-average molecular weight of at least 200,000 and a ratio of weight-average molecular weight/number-average molecular weight of at least 2.5, or (B) a vinylidene fluoride resin comprising 2-75 wt. % of a first vinylidene fluoride resin having a weight-average molecular weight of 400,000-1,200,000 and 25-98 wt. % of a second vinylidene fluoride resin having a weight-average molecular weight of 150,000-600,000 giving a ratio of the weight-average molecular weight of the first vinylidene fluoride resin/the weight-average molecular weight of the second vinylidene fluoride resin of at least 1.2;
melt-extruding the composition to form a hollow yarn film,
cooling the hollow yarn film preferentially from an outer surface thereof within a cooling medium at 5-120° C. to form a hollow yarn solid film,
extracting the plasticizer, and
then stretching the hollow yarn film.
8. A process according to claim 7 , wherein said composition is provided by mixing the good solvent and the plasticizer in a total amount of 100-250 wt. parts containing 5-30 wt. % of the good solvent with 100 wt. parts of the vinylidene fluoride resin.
9. A process according to claim 7 , further including a step of treating the porous membrane after the stretching with an elution liquid.
10. A process according to claim 9 wherein the elution liquid is an alkaline liquid at a pH of at least 12.
11. A process according to claim 10 wherein the elution liquid is an acidic liquid at a pH of at most 4.
12. A process according to claim 10 wherein the elution liquid is an extraction liquid for the plasticizer.
13. A porous membrane according to claim 2 , having a porosity of 55-90%, a tensile strength of at least 5 MPa and an elongation at break of at least 5%.
14. A porous membrane according to claim 2 , having a tensile yield strength of at least 5 MPa and a yield elongation of at least 5%.
15. A porous membrane according to claim 3 , having a tensile yield strength of at least 5 MPa and a yield elongation of at least 5%.
16. A porous membrane according to claim 2 , having a water permeation rate of at least 5 m 3 /m 2 ·day·100 kPa.
17. A porous membrane according to claim 3 , having a water permeation rate of at least 5 m 3 /m 2 ·day·100 kPa.
18. A porous membrane according to claim 4 , having a water permeation rate of at least 5 m 3 /m 2 ·day·100 kPa.
19. A porous membrane according to claim 2 , having a form of hollow yarn having a thickness of 5-800 μm and an outer diameter of 0.3-3 mm.
20. A process according to claim 8 , further including a step of treating the porous membrane after the stretching with an elution liquid.