Hepatocyte bioreactor system for long term culture of functional hepatocyte spheroids
A rotating wall vessel is used as a culture vessel and bioreactor for the cultivation of hepatocytes in the form of spheroids to generate a culture with many properties of the intact liver. These properties include enzyme activity comparable to fresh cells and long-term maintenance of viability and cellular function for periods on the order of months. The cultures may be used to produce hepatocyte products, evaluate metabolism of an agent, propagate Hepatitis C virus and test agents as inhibitors of this virus. Thus, the culture system disclosed herein makes long term functional cultivation of human hepatocytes feasible.
1. A method for cultivation of mammalian hepatocytes in a viable functional state, which comprises the steps of:
(a) culturing a single cell suspension of mammalian hepatocytes in a culture medium for a period of between about 12 and about 168 hours in a culture vessel having a flat surface under conditions that permit aggregation of hepatocytes into spheroids which comprise viable hepatocytes;
(b) transferring said spheroids into a rotating wall vessel (RVW) culture chamber where said spheroids remain substantially in suspension during subsequent culture with rotation; and
(c) incubating said suspended spheroids under conditions of vessel rotation such that said spheroids remain substantially in suspension;
wherein suspended spheroids remain viable and capable of:
(i) producing and secreting normal hepatocyte products; and
(ii) metabolizing drugs or toxins via enzymes of the cytochrome P450 system, which drugs or toxins are ones that are normally metabolized by hepatocytes in vivo for more than 30 days.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the RWV is a High Aspect Ratio Vessel (HARV).
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the culturing of step (a) is for a time of between about 24 and about 72 hours.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the culture vessel of step (a) is a plastic petri dish.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the culture medium is selected from the group consisting of Waymouth MB 752, Williams' Medium E, Eagle's MEM; Dulbecco's MEM/Ham's F12, RPMI 1640, and Leibovitz L-15 medium.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the culture medium is supplemented with serum.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the culture medium is supplemented with:
(a) one or more growth factors, and/or
(b) one or more peptide hormones, and/or
(c) one or more glucocorticoids
which growth factors, hormones and glucocorticoids promote the viability and metabolic activity of the hepatocytes.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein said growth factors comprise epidermal growth factor, said hormones comprise insulin or glucagon; and said glucocorticoids comprise dexamethasone or hydrocortisone.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein said hepatocytes are primate hepatocytes.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein said primate hepatocytes are human hepatocytes.
11. A method for cultivation of mammalian hepatocytes in a viable functional state, which comprises inoculating a High Aspect Ratio Vessel (HARV) with pre-aggregated hepatocytes or nascent hepatocyte spheroids, in a culture medium and incubating said hepatocytes and under conditions wherein hepatocytes are viable and metabolically active for a period of at least about 4 days:
wherein said hepatocytes remain viable and capable of:
(i) producing and secreting normal hepatocyte products; and
(ii) metabolizing drugs or toxins via enzymes of the cytochrome P450 system, which drugs or toxins are ones that are normally metabolized by hepatocytes in vivo for more than 30 days.