Screening of compounds for treatment of atherosclerosis and heart attack
Transgenic animals that do not express functional SR-BI and ApoE develop severe atherosclerosis, by age four weeks in transgenic mice. Moreover, these animals exhibit progressive heart dysfunction by as early as age four weeks, and die by age nine weeks. This animal model has now been demonstrated to be useful as a screen for compounds which alleviate the symptoms of atherosclerosis and heart disease. Animals (Apo E−/− SR-BI+/−) were fed PROBUCOL beginning at the time of mating. Offspring are weaned at three weeks and fed PROBUCOL. In contrast to animals (Apo E−/− SR-BI−/−) not fed PROBUCOL, 50% of whom are dead at six weeks, all animals (Apo E−/− SR-BI−/−) on PROBUCOL have a normal phenotype (MRI of heart function, ECG, echocardiogram, histology) at six weeks. At seven to eight months, there is evidence of atherosclerosis and some myocardial infarction. This demonstrates that the compound has a preventative action. Animals who are taken off of the PROBUCOL all die within ten to twelve weeks. In another study, the majority of animals whose parents were not fed PROBUCOL, but who received the PROBUCOL beginning at about five weeks of age, survived for a few months, demonstrating that the compound also has a therapeutic benefit.
1. A method for identifying compounds for treating or preventing atherosclerosis or cardiovascular disease comprising
administering compounds that may have an effect on disorders selected from the group consisting of cardiac fibrosis, myocardial infarction, defects in electrical conductance, atherosclerosis, unstable plaque, and stroke to a mouse having decreased expression of active SR-BI and Apo-E wherein the mouse develops atherosclerotic plaque in the aortic sinuses and progressive heart block and
determining the effect of the compound on cardiac fibrosis, myocardial infarction, defects in electrical conductance, atherosclerosis, unstable plaque, stroke, diseases associated with abnormal cardiac structure or function or elevated cholesterol or lipoprotein levels in the mouse relative to control mice not treated with compound.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the mouse is a homozygous knockout for apolipoprotein.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the compound is an antioxidant.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the compound is hypocholesterolemic.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the compounds is both an antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the compound is 4,4′-(isopropylidenedithio) bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), monoesters and other derivatives thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the compound is 2,3-Dihydro-5-hydroxy-2,2-dipentyl-4,6-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran or a derivative thereof.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the compounds are selected from the group consisting of vitamin E and vitamin C.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the mouse is a heterozygous or homozygous SR-BI and Apo E knockout.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the mouse is treated with a compound which lowers the level of SR-BI.