Tenside composition containing gemini tensides and co-amphiphiles and production and use thereof
The subject invention relates to surfactant compositions of gemini surfactants and co-amphiphile(s), to a process for preparing such compositions, and to their uses, especially as emulsifiers and dispersants.
1. A surfactant composition comprising
(A) 1 to 70 wt % referring to components (A) and (B), of one or more gemini surfactant(s) and,
(B) referring to the remainder, based on the total of components (A) and (B), two or more co-amphiphile(s) having an HLB value of less than or equal to 6;
wherein
at least one gemini surfactant has the general formula (B.III)
wherein the substituents have the following meaning
FG is -COOM or -SO 3 M;
R 1 , R 3 is C 5 - to C 25 -alkyl, that can be branched, unbranched, saturated, or unsaturated as far as not adjacently diunsaturated;
R 2 is C 1 - to C 12 -alkylene;
A is CH 2 , C 2 H 4 , C 3 H 6 , C 4 H 8 ; and
M is alkali, (alkyl)ammonium, alkanol ammonium, H, or 1/2 alkaline earth; and wherein
the co-amphiphile(s) having an HLB value of less than or equal to 6 comprise a mixture of at least two different co-amphilphiles selected from at least two different groups (a) to (d):
(a) one long chain alcohol(s) being C 6 - to C 40 - alcohol(s);
(b) long chain acid(s) being C 6 - to C 24 - carboxylic acid(s);
(c) ester(s)/partial ester(s) of a polyol with one or more mono- or polycarboxylic acid(s) selected from the group consisting of:
a sorbitan (C 6 - to C 22 -) ester,
a methylglucoside (C 6 - to C 22 -) ester,
a sugar (C 6 - to C 22 -) ester,
a mono-, di-, and triglyceride of a C 6 - to C 22 - carboxylic acid,
a lactic acid or citric acid esterified derivative of a mono- or di-glyceride of a C 6 - to C 22 -carboxylic acid,
a polyglycerol (C 6 - to C 22 -) ester, and
a vitamin ester; and
(d) salicylic acid
benzoic acid
lecithin.
2. The surfactant composition of claim 1 , characterized in that the surfactant composition comprises
(A) 5 to 60 wt %, referring to components (A) and (B), of said gemini surfactant and,
(B) referring to the remainder 95 to 40 wt %, based on the total of components (A) and (B), of said co-amphiphiles(s).
3. The surfactant composition according to claim 1 , further comprising
(C) at least 0.1 wt % water, referring to the total composition.
4. A surfactant composition according to claim 1 , further comprising
(D) at least 0.1 wt % of one or more oil component(s), referring to the total composition.
5. A surfactant composition according to claim 1 in the form of an emulsion, characterized in that the co-amphiphiles are present in solid form at 25° C.
6. A surfactant composition according to claim 1 in the form of a dispersion, characterized in that the co-amphiphiles are present in liquid form at 25° C.
7. A surfactant composition according to clim 1 , wherein the two co-amphiphiles are
a C 6 - to C 40 -alcohol, and
a mono-, di-, and triglyceride of C 6 - to C 22 -carboxylic acid.
8. A surfactant composition according to claim 7 , characterized in that the surfactant composition comprises
30 to 50 wt % of C 6 - to C 40 -alcohol, and
30 to 50 wt % of a mono-, di-, and triglyceride of a C 6 - to C 22 carboxylic acid
each referring to the gemini surfactant/co-amphiphile(s) composition.
9. A surfactant composition according to claim 1 in the form of an emulsion, characterized in that the surfactant composition can be produced by a phase transfer temperature (PTT) method, which includes at least the following step: combining
(a) a composition (a) comprising the gemini surfactant (A) wherein the composition has a temperature X, with
(b) a composition (b) comprising the co-amphiphile (B) wherein the composition has a temperature Y, the temperature Y being greater than temperature X.
10. The surfactant composition of claim 9 , characterized in that the temperature Y is not more than 15° C. higher than the critical phase transfer temperature of the surfactant in composition (b).
11. Surfactant compositions according to claim 10 , characterized in that the temperatures X and Y are different by at least 3° C.
12. A surfactant composition according to claim 1 , characterized in that the surfactant composition comprises 0.01 to 30 wt % of the components (A) and (B), referring to the total composition.
13. The surfactant composition claim 1 wherein said gemini surfactant is present in an amount of from 10 to 60 wt %.
14. The surfactant composition claim 1 wherein said gemini surfactant is present in an amount of from 10 to 50 wt %.
15. The surfactant composition claim 1 wherein said long chain alcohol is a C 8 - to C 24 -alcohol.
16. The surfactant composition of claim 1 wherein said carboxylic acid is a C 8 - to C 22 -carboxylic acid.
17. The surfactant composition claim 1 wherein 3 to 5 different co-amphiphiles are employed.
18. The surfactant composition of claim 7 wherein said long chain alcohol is a C 8 - to C 24 -alcohol.
19. The surfactant composition of claim 8 wherein said long chain alcohol is a C 8 - to C 24 -alcohol.
20. The surfactant composition of claim 9 wherein said composition (a) contains water.
21. The surfactant composition of claim 9 wherein said composition (b) contains an oil component.
22. The surfactant composition of claim 11 wherein the temperatures X and Y are different by at least 5° C.
23. The surfactant composition of claim 12 wherein the surfactant composition comprises 0.1 to 6 wt % of the components (A) and (B), referring to the total composition.