Methods for producing composites of fullerene nanotubes and compositions thereof
This invention relates generally to a method for producing composites of fullerene nanotubes and compositions thereof. In one embodiment, the present invention involves a method of producing a composite material that includes a matrix and a fullerene nanotube material embedded within said matrix. In another embodiment, a method of producing a composite material containing fullerene nanotube material is disclosed. This method includes the steps of preparing an assembly of a fibrous material; adding the fullerene nanotube material to the fibrous material; and adding a matrix material precursor to the fullerene nanotube material and the fibrous material.
1. A method of producing a composite material comprising fullerene nanotube material, wherein said fullerene nanotube material comprises fibers of fullerene nanotubes, and wherein said method comprises:
(a) preparing an assembly of a fibrous material;
(b) adding said fullerene nanotube material to said fibrous material; and
(c) adding a matrix material to said fullerene nanotube material and said fibrous material.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said fibrous materials are arranged in a two-dimensional sheet, and some portion of the said fullerene nanotube material is oriented in a direction other than parallel to said sheet.
3. A composite material comprising fullerene nanotubes, a fibrous structural constituent and a matrix material, wherein the matrix material comprises a polymer and the fibrous structural constituent comprises carbon, and wherein the fullerene nanotubes comprise fullerene nanotube fibers.
4. The composite material of claim 3 , wherein the composite further comprises a second fibrous structural constituent, wherein the second fibrous structural constituent comprises a material selected from the group consisting of cellulose, glass, graphite, silicon oxide, carbon steel, aluminum oxide, beryllium, beryllium oxide, boron, boron carbide, boron nitride, chromium, copper, iron, nickel, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, alumina yarn, alumina-boria-silica, zirconia-silica, zircona, alumina, quartz, molybdenum, stainless steel, titanium boride, tungsten, zirconium oxide and combinations thereof.
5. The composite material of claim 3 , wherein the polymer comprises a thermosetting polymer.
6. The composite material of claim 5 wherein the thermosetting polymer comprises a polymeric material selected from the group consisting of phthalic/maleic type polyesters, vinyl esters, epoxies, phenolics, cyanates, bismaleimides and nadic end-capped polyimides.
7. The composite material of claim 3 , wherein the polymer comprises a thermoplastic polymer.
8. The composite material of claim 7 wherein the thermoplastic polymer comprises a polymeric material selected from the group consisting of polysulfones, polyamides, polyearbonates, polyphenylene oxides, polysulfides, polyether ether ketones, polyether sulfones, polyamide-imides, polyetherimides, polyimides, polyarylates, liquid crystalline polyesters and combinations thereof.
9. The composite material of claim 3 wherein the fullerene nanotubes comprise fullerene nanotubes that have been subjected to a purification process.
10. The composite material of claim 3 wherein the fullerene nanotubes comprise fullerene nanotubes in a form selected from the group consisting of felts, bucky papers, cut lengths of fullerene nanotube ropes, cut lengths of fullerene nanotube fibers and combinations thereof.
11. The composite material of claim 3 wherein the fullerene nanotubes comprise chemically-derivatized fullerene nanotubes, chemically-derivatized ropes of fullerene nanotubes, chemically-derivatized fibers and combinations thereof.
12. The composite material of claim 11 wherein the chemically-derivatized fullerene nanotubes have side-wall defects.
13. The composite material of claim 11 wherein the chemically-derivatized fullerene nanotubes have side-wall bonding sites.
14. The composite material of claim 13 further comprising fullerene nanotubes having side-wall modifications capable of an interaction with the matrix material, wherein the interaction is selected from the group consisting of physical, chemical and combinations thereof.
15. A composite material comprising fullerene nanotubes, a fibrous structural constituent and a matrix material, wherein the matrix material comprises a polymer, wherein the fibrous structural constituent comprises carbon, and wherein the fullerene nanotubes comprise fullerene nanotubes that have a homogeneous characteristic selected from the group consisting of lengths, diameters, and combinations thereof.
16. A composite material comprising fullerene nanotubes, a fibrous structural constituent and a matrix material, wherein
(a) the matrix material comprises a polymer,
(b) the fibrous structural constituent comprises carbon,
(c) the fullerene nanotubes comprise chemically-derivatized fullerene nanotubes, chemically-derivatized ropes of fullerene nanotubes, chemically-derivatized fibers or combinations thereof,
(d) the chemically-derivatized fullerene nanotubes have side-wall bonding sites, and
(e) at least one of the side-wall defects comprises replacement of at least one carbon atom in the fullerene nanotube lattice with at least one non-carbon atom.
17. The composite material of claim 16 wherein the non-carbon atom is selected from the group consisting of boron, nitrogen, and combinations thereof.