Cleaning system utilizing an organic cleaning solvent and a pressurized fluid solvent
A cleaning system that utilizes an organic cleaning solvent and pressurized fluid solvent is disclosed. The system has no conventional evaporative hot air drying cycle. Instead, the system utilizes the solubility of the organic solvent in pressurized fluid solvent as well as the physical properties of pressurized fluid solvent. After an organic solvent cleaning cycle, the solvent is extracted from the textiles at high speed in a rotating drum in the same way conventional solvents are extracted from textiles in conventional evaporative hot air dry cleaning machines. Instead of proceeding to a conventional drying cycle, the extracted textiles are then immersed in pressurized fluid solvent to extract the residual organic solvent from the textiles. This is possible because the organic solvent is soluble in pressurized fluid solvent. After the textiles are immersed in pressurized fluid solvent, pressurized fluid solvent is pumped from the drum. Finally, the drum is de-pressurized to atmospheric pressure to evaporate any remaining pressurized fluid solvent, yielding clean, solvent free textiles. The organic solvent is preferably selected from terpenes, halohydrocarbons, certain glycol ethers, polyols, ethers, esters of glycol ethers, esters of fatty acids and other long chain carboxylic acids, fatty alcohols and other long-chain alcohols, short-chain alcohols, polar aprotic solvents, siloxanes, hydrofluoroethers, dibasic esters, and aliphatic hydrocarbons solvents or similar solvents or mixtures of such solvents and the pressurized fluid solvent is preferably densified carbon dioxide.
1. A system for cleaning substrates comprising:
a non-pressurizable cleaning vessel adapted to hold contaminated substrates and organic solvent;
an organic solvent tank operatively connected to the cleaning vessel;
a pump or compressor for moving organic solvent from the organic solvent tank to the cleaning vessel;
a pressurizable drying vessel adapted to hold cleaned substrates and pressurized fluid solvent;
a pressurized fluid solvent tank operatively connected to the drying vessel; and
a pump or compressor for moving pressurized fluid solvent from the pressurized fluid solvent tank to the drying vessel.
2. The system of claim 1 further comprising a cleaning unit within the non-pressurizable cleaning vessel.
3. The system of claim 2 wherein the cleaning unit is operatively connected to the non-pressurizable cleaning vessel.
4. The system of claim 3 wherein the cleaning unit is rotatable.
5. The system of claim 3 wherein the cleaning unit is perforated.
6. The system of claim 3 wherein the cleaning unit comprises a drum or a wheel.
7. The system of claim 3 wherein the cleaning unit is operatively connected to the non-pressurizable cleaning vessel via one or more motor activated shafts.
8. The system of claim 1 wherein the non-pressurizable cleaning vessel comprises an inlet and an outlet through which cleaning fluids can pass.
9. The system of claim 1 further comprising a filtration assembly operatively connected to the non-pressurizable cleaning vessel.
10. The system of claim 1 wherein the filtration assembly comprises at least one filter selected from a mesh filter, and adsorptive filter or an absorptive filter.
11. The system of claim 1 further comprising a drying unit within the pressurizable drying vessel.
12. The system of claim 11 wherein the drying unit is operatively connected to the pressurizable drying vessel.
13. The system of claim 12 wherein the drying unit is rotatable.
14. The system of claim 12 wherein the drying unit is perforated.
15. The system of claim 12 wherein the drying unit comprises a drum or a wheel.
16. The system of claim 12 wherein the drying unit is operatively connected to the pressurized drying vessel via one or more motor activated shafts.
17. The system of claim 1 wherein the pressurizable drying vessel comprises an inlet and an outlet through which pressurized fluids can pass.
18. The system of claim 1 wherein the organic solvent tank contains an organic solvent.
19. The system of claim 18 wherein the organic solvent comprises a glycol ether, a cyclic terpene, a halocarbon, a polyol, an ether, an ester of a glycol ether, a fatty alcohol, a short chain alcohol, a siloxane, a hydrofluoroether, an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an ester of dibasic carboxylic acids, a ketone, an aprotic solvent or mixtures thereof.
20. The system of claim 19 wherein the organic solvent comprises a glycol ether.
21. The system of claim 20 wherein the glycol ether:
is soluble in carbon dioxide between 600 and 1050 pounds per square inch and between 5 and 30 degrees Celsius;
has a specific gravity of greater than approximately 0.800;
has a dispersion Hansen solubility parameter of between 13.0 (MPa) 1/2 and 19.5 (MPa) 1/2 ;
has a polar Hansen solubility parameter of between 3.0 (MPa) 1/2 and 7.5 (MPa) 1/2 ; and
has a hydrogen bonding Hansen solubility parameter of between 8.0 (MPa) 1/2 and 17.0 (MPa) 1/2 .
22. The system of claim 20 wherein the glycol ether has an evaporation rate of lower than 50 (based on n-butyl acetate=100) and has a flash point greater than 100 degrees Fahrenheit.
23. The system of claim 1 wherein the pressurized fluid solvent tank comprises pressurized fluid solvent.
24. The system of claim 23 wherein the pressurized fluid solvent comprises carbon dioxide, xenon, nitrous oxide, or sulfur hexaflouride.
25. The system of claim 23 wherein the pressurized fluid solvent comprises carbon dioxide.
26. The system of claim 25 wherein the carbon dioxide is densified.