Glycoconjugate vaccines for use in immune-compromised populations
Staphylococcal and Enterrococcal glycoconjugate vaccines are disclosed for use in preventing or treating bacterial infection in an immune-compromised individual. Such vaccines contain an immunocarrier and a conjugate of a polysaccharide or glycopeptide surface antigen from a clinically-significant bacterial strain. The vaccines can be used for active protection in immune-compromised individuals who are to be subjected to conditions that place them at immediate risk of developing a bacterial infection, as would be case in the context of a catheterization or a surgical procedure.
1. A method of reducing the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus infection in an immune-compromised human, comprising administering to an immune-compromised human an immunoprotective amount of a vaccine comprising (i) a glycoconjugate of a Type 5 polysaccharide antigen of S. aureus and an immunocarrier and (ii) a glycoconjugate of a Type 8 polysaccharide antigen of S. aureus and an immunocarrier.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said immune-compromised human is selected from the group consisting of end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, diabetic patients, the elderly in extended care facilities, patients with invasive surgical procedures, and other patients in acute care settings.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said immune-compromised human suffers from end stage renal disease.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said immunocarrier is diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, recombinantly produced, genetically detoxified variants thereof or a recombinantly-produced, non-toxic-mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A or Staphylococcus exotoxin or toxoid.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said vaccine additionally comprises an adjuvant or immuostimulant.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said vaccine additionally comprises a β-glucan or granulocyte colony stimulating factor.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said immunoprotective amount is an amount sufficient to induce in an immune-compromised human a Type 8 IgG antibody concentration of at least 206 μg/mL and a Type 5 IgG antibody concentration of at least 230 μg/mL at 6 weeks post-vaccination.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said immunoprotective amount is an amount sufficient to induce in an immune-compromised human a Type 8 IgG antibody concentration of at least 100 μg/mL and a Type 5 IgG antibody concentration of at least 120 μg/mL at 26 weeks post-vaccination.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said immunoprotective amount is an amount sufficient to induce in an immune-compromised human a Type 8 IgG antibody concentration of at least 80 μg/mL and a Type 5 IgG antibody concentration of at least 80 μg/mL at 40 weeks post-vaccination.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said immunoprotective amount is an amount sufficient to provide protection at 40 weeks post-vaccination.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said immunoprotective amount comprises about 100 μg of the Type 5 glycoconjugate and about 100 μg of the Type 8 glycoconjugate.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said immunoprotective amount comprises 100 μg of the Type 5 glycoconjugate and 100 μg of the Type 8 glycoconjugate.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said immune-compromised human is a diabetic patient.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said immune-compromised human is a patient with vascular graft access.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said immune-compromised human is an elderly patient in an extended care facility.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said immune-compromised human is an invasive surgical procedure patient.
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said immune-compromised human is a patient in an acute care setting.
18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the vaccine is administered without an adjuvant.