Method of making a stick resistant multi-layer ceramic coating
A foodware article having a multilayer, stick resistant, ceramic coating. The foodware article of the present invention includes a metal foodware article having an inner food-contacting surface and an outer surface; a bonding layer deposited on the food-contacting surface; and a first layer of (Ti, Al, Cr)N deposited adjacent to the bonding layer. There is optionally a layer of chromium nitride deposited adjacent to the first (Ti, Al, Cr)N layer, and a second layer of (Ti, Al, Cr)N deposited on the chromium nitride layer. These layers can be repeated as many times as desired. The (Ti, Al, Cr)N layer is generally the top layer of the multiplayer coating. The coating is stick resistant, scratch resistant, thermally stable, corrosion resistant, and color stable. The foodware is suitable for use with both salty-based and acidic-based foods. A method of making such a foodware article is also disclosed.
1. A method of making a foodware article having a multilayer, stick resistant, ceramic coating comprising:
providing a metal substrate having an inner food-contacting surface and an outer surface;
depositing a bonding layer on the food-contacting surface; and
depositing a first layer of (Ti,Al,Cr)N adjacent to the bonding layer;
depositing alternating layers of chromium nitride and (Ti,Al,Cr)N on the first (Ti,Al,Cr)N layer; and
forming the metal substrate into the foodware article.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein a top layer of the multilayer coating is (Ti,Al,Cr)N.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the multilayer coating is deposited by a physical vapor deposition method.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the multilayer coating is deposited by a cathodic arc deposition process.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the metal substrate is formed into the foodware article before depositing the multilayer coating.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the metal substrate is formed into the foodware article after depositing the multilayer coating.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising polishing the food-contacting surface to a surface finish of at least 16 micro-inches or better before depositing the bonding layer.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein a total thickness of the multilayer coating is in the range of from about 1.0 to about 20 microns.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein a thickness of each of the (Ti,Al,Cr)N layers and the chromium nitride layers is in a range of from about 0.1 to about 2.0 microns.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein a thickness of the bonding layer is less than about 1.0 microns.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein a thickness of the first (Ti,Al,Cr)N layer is less than about 10.0 microns.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the metal foodware article is made of a material selected from steel, stainless steel, copper, titanium, cast iron, aluminum, clad material, or alloys thereof.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the bonding layer is a metal selected from titanium, chromium, zirconium, or alloys thereof.
14. A method of making a foodware article having a multilayer, stick resistant, ceramic coating comprising:
providing a metal substrate having an inner food-contacting surface and an outer surface;
depositing a bonding layer on the food-contacting surface wherein the bonding layer is a metal selected from titanium, chromium, zirconium, or alloys thereof; and
depositing a first layer of (Ti,Al,Cr)N adjacent to the bonding layer;
depositing alternating layers of chromium nitride and (Ti,Al,Cr)N on the first (Ti,Al,Cr)N layer wherein a top layer of the multilayer coating is (Ti,Al,Cr)N; and
forming the metal substrate into the foodware article.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the multilayer coating is deposited by a physical vapor deposition method.
16. The method of claim 14 wherein the multilayer coating is deposited by a cathodic arc deposition process.
17. The method of claim 14 wherein the metal substrate is formed into the foodware article before depositing the multilayer coating.
18. The method of claim 14 wherein the metal substrate is formed into the foodware article after depositing the multilayer coating.
19. The method of claim 14 further comprising polishing the food-contacting surface to a surface finish of at least 16 micro-inches or better before depositing the bonding layer.
20. The method of claim 14 wherein a thickness of each of the (Ti,Al,Cr)N layers and the chromium nitride layers is in a range of from about 0.1 to about 2.0 microns.
21. The method of claim 14 wherein a total thickness of the multilayer coating is in the range of from about 1.0 to about 20 microns.