Elimination of the anisotropy effect in LWD azimuthal resistivity tool data
Cross-component measurements made with a dual-transmitter configuration are processed to estimate a distance to an interface in an anisotropic earth formation. Optionally, measurements may be made with two receivers, also in the dual transmitter configuration.
1. A method of evaluating an anisotropic earth formation having an interface therein, the method comprising:
(a) conveying a resistivity measuring instrument having at least one receiver coil into a borehole in the earth formation;
(b) obtaining principal cross-component measurements at the at least one receiver resulting from excitation on opposite sides of the at least one receiver;
(c) estimating from the principal cross-component measurements a distance to the interface, the estimation reducing an effect of the anisotropy of the earth formation.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the principal cross-components comprise zx measurements.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the resistivity measuring instrument comprises an induction instrument.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein obtaining the principal cross-component measurements further comprises exciting a pair of transmitter coils disposed on the resistivity measuring instrument on opposite sides of the at least one receiver coil.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one receiver comprises two receiver coils.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein estimating the distance further comprises at least one of (i) using a difference between in-phase components of the principal cross-components, and (ii) using a difference between quadrature components of the principal cross-components.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein estimating the distance further comprises determining, for each of the directions of excitation, a weighted difference between measurements made at each of the two receiver coils.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the resistivity measuring instrument is part of a bottomhole assembly (BHA) conveyed on a drilling tubular, the method further comprising controlling a direction of drilling based on the determined distance.
9. An apparatus for evaluating an anisotropic earth formation having an interface therein, the apparatus comprising:
(a) a resistivity measuring instrument having at least one receiver coil, the instrument configured to be conveyed into a borehole in the earth formation;
(b) a pair of transmitter coils disposed on opposite sides of the at least one receiver coil, the at least one receiver coil configured to provide signals responsive to an excitation of each of the two transmitter coils; and
(c) a processor which is configured to estimate from the signals a distance to the interface, the estimation reducing an effect on the signals of the anisotropy of the earth formation.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the signals comprise principal cross-component measurements.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the principal cross-components comprise zx measurements.
12. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the resistivity measuring instrument comprises an induction instrument.
13. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the processor is configured to estimate the distance based at least in part on performing a coordinate transformation of the signals.
14. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the at least one receiver coil comprises two receiver coils.
15. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the processor is configured to estimate the distance by further using at least one of (i) a difference between in-phase components of principal cross-components of the signals, and (ii) a difference between quadrature components of principal cross-components of the signals.
16. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the processor is configured to estimate the distance by further determining, for each of the directions of excitation, a weighted difference between measurements made at each of the two receiver coils.
17. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the resistivity measuring instrument is part of a bottomhole assembly (BHA) configured to be conveyed on a drilling tubular, and wherein the processor is further configured to control a direction of drilling based on the determined distance.
18. A computer readable medium for use with an apparatus configured to evaluate an anisotropic earth formation having an interface therein, the apparatus comprising:
(a) a resistivity measuring instrument having at least one receiver coil, the instrument configured to be conveyed into a borehole in the earth formation; and
(b) a pair of transmitter coils disposed on opposite sides of the at least one receiver coil, the at least one receiver coil configured to provide signals responsive to an excitation of each of the two transmitter coils;
the medium comprising instructions which are executable to enable:
(c) a processor to estimate from the signals a distance to the interface, the estimation reducing an effect on the signals of the anisotropy of the earth formation.
19. The medium of claim 18 further comprising instructions which are executable to enable a processor to control a direction of drilling of a bottomhole assembly carrying the resistivity measuring instrument.
20. The medium of claim 18 wherein the processor is on a bottomhole assembly carrying the resistivity measuring instrument.
21. The medium of claim 18 further comprising at least one of (i) a ROM, (ii) an EAROM, (iii) an EPROM, (iv) an EEPROM, (v) a flash memory, and (vi) an optical disk.