Method for manufacturing automotive structural members
A method for making structural automotive components and the like includes providing a blank of air hardenable martensitic stainless steel in the annealed condition. The steel blank has a thickness in the range of 0.5-5.0 mm., and is formed utilizing stamping, forging, pressing, or roller forming techniques or the like into the form of an automotive structural member. The automotive structural member is then hardened by application of heat, preferably to between 950° C. and 1100° C. for standard martensitic stainless steels. Thereafter, the automotive structural member is preferably cooled at a rate greater than 25° C. per minute to achieve a Rockwell C hardness of at least 39. The automotive structural member may undergo additional heat treating processes including high temperature or low temperature tempering processes which may incorporate electro-coating.
1. A method of manufacturing an automotive structural member comprising the steps of:
providing an air hardenable martensitic stainless steel blank in the annealed condition having a thickness in the range of 0.5-5.0 millimeters;
forming the steel blank while in the annealed condition to the form of an automotive structural member; and
hardening the automotive structural member by heating the automotive structural member to between 925° C. and 1200° C. with heating being to at least above the upper critical A 3 temperature to form a substantially single phase of austenite for the air hardenable martensitic stainless steel blank; and
subsequently air cooling the automotive structural member at a rate greater than 15° C./minute to harden the automotive structural member to a Rockwell C hardness of at least 39.
2. The method of manufacturing an automotive structural member of claim 1 wherein the automotive structural member is a pillar, sub-frame, cross beam, frame rail, frame bracket, roof-rail, seat frame, door beam, bumper beam, control arm, wheel, instrument panel reinforcement, running board, roll-bar, tow hook, bumper hitch, or roof rack.
3. The method of manufacturing an automotive structural member of claim 1 wherein the step of hardening the automotive structural member includes heating the automotive structural member to between 950° C. and 1100° C. and subsequently air cooling the automotive structural member at a rate greater than 25° C./minute.
4. The method of manufacturing an automotive structural member of claim 1 further comprising the steps of:
allowing the automotive structural member to reach equilibrium after hardening;
tempering the automotive structural member by heating the automotive structural member to between 150° C. and 650° C.; and
allowing the automotive structural member to air cool to ambient temperatures.
5. The method of manufacturing an automotive structural member of claim 1 further comprising the steps of:
allowing the automotive structural member to reach equilibrium after hardening;
performing a low temperature tempering of the automotive structural member by heating the automotive structural member to between 130° C. and 180° C.; and
allowing the automotive structural member to air cool to ambient temperatures.
6. The method of manufacturing an automotive structural member of claim 5 wherein the step of performing a low temperature tempering is accomplished during an electro-coating bake cycle.
7. The method of manufacturing an automotive structural member of claim 1 wherein the air hardenable martensitic stainless steel blank is type 410.
8. The method of manufacturing an automotive structural member of claim 1 wherein the air hardenable martensitic stainless steels blank is type 420.
9. The method of manufacturing an automotive structural member of claim 1 wherein the air hardenable martensitic stainless steel blank has a carbon content substantially equal or greater than 0.08% by weight and a chromium content substantially equal or greater than 11.5% by weight.
10. The method of manufacturing an automotive structural member of claim 1 wherein the air hardenable martensitic stainless steel blank has a carbon content substantially between 0.08% by weight and 0.75% by weight and a chromium content substantially between 11.5% by weight and 18% by weight.
11. A method of manufacturing an automotive structural member comprising the steps of:
providing an air hardenable martensitic stainless steel blank of type 410 or 420 in the annealed condition having a thickness in the range of 0.5-5.0 millimeters;
forming the steel blank while in the annealed condition to the form of an automotive structural member; and
hardening the automotive structural member by heating the automotive structural member to between 950° C. and 1100° C. and subsequently air cooling the automotive structural member at a rate greater than 25° C./minute to harden the automotive structural member to a Rockwell C hardness of at least 39.
12. The method of manufacturing an automotive structural member of claim 11 wherein the automotive structural member is a pillar, sub-frame, cross beam, frame rail, frame bracket, roof-rail, seat frame, door beam, bumper beam, control arm, wheel, instrument panel reinforcement, running boards, roll-bar, tow hook, bumper hitch, roof rack.
13. The method of manufacturing an automotive structural member of claim 11 further comprising the steps of:
allowing the automotive structural member to reach equilibrium after hardening;
tempering the automotive structural member by heating the automotive structural member to between 150° C. and 650° C.; and
allowing the automotive structural member to air cool to ambient temperatures.
14. The method of manufacturing an automotive structural member of claim 11 further comprising the steps of:
allowing the automotive structural member to reach equilibrium after hardening;
performing a low temperature tempering of the automotive structural member by heating the automotive structural member to between 130° C. and 180° C.; and
allowing the automotive structural member to air cool to ambient temperatures.
15. The method of manufacturing an automotive structural member of claim 14 wherein the step of performing a low temperature tempering is accomplished during an electro-coating bake cycle.