Method for the manufacture of hydrocarbons
Feedstock originating from renewable sources is converted to hydrocarbons in diesel fuel distillation range by contacting with a supported catalyst comprising VIII group metal/metals, whereby the consumption of hydrogen is decreased.
1. A method for the selective manufacture of hydrocarbons suitable for diesel fuel pool, which comprises carrying out a decarboxylation/decarbonylation reaction by bringing a feedstock comprising C8-C24 fatty acids, derivatives of C8-C24 fatty acids, or combinations thereof, and optionally a solvent or a mixture of solvents, into contact with a heterogeneous elemental metal catalyst containing one or more Group VIII metals selected from platinum, palladium, nickel, iridium, ruthenium and rhodium on a support selected from oxides, mesoporous materials, carbonaceous supports and structured catalyst supports, at a temperature of 200-400° C. and under a pressure from 0.1 MPa to 15 MPa, to yield as a product hydrocarbons.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature is 250-350° C. and the pressure is 0.1-5 Mpa.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in that the heterogeneous catalyst is pre-treated with hydrogen at a temperature of 100-500° C. before contacting it with the feedstock.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in that the heterogeneous catalyst is pre-treated with hydrogen at a temperature of 150-250° C. before contacting it with the feedstock.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in that the product is isomerized under a pressure in the range of 2-15 MPa at a temperature between 200 and 500° C. in the presence of an isomerization catalyst.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the product is isomerized under a pressure in the range of 3-10 MPa and at a temperature between 280 and 400° C.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the decarboxylation/decarbonylation reaction is carried out in liquid phase.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the renewable sources are fat and oils from plants and/or animals and/or fish and compounds derived there from.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the feedstock is selected from wood-based, plant-based and vegetable-based fats and oils, fats contained in plants bred by means of gene manipulation, animal-based fats and oils, fish based fats and oils and recycled fats of the food industry and mixtures thereof.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the feedstock is selected from rapeseed oil, colza oil, canola oil, tall oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, hempseed oil, olive oil, linseed oil, mustard oil, palm oil, peanut oil, castor oil, coconut oil, lard, tallow, train oil, and fats contained in milk.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the feedstock comprises triglyceride fractions of rapeseed oil, linseed oil, sunflower oil, tallow and lard, or fractions of tall oil.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the derivatives of fatty acids comprise esters of fatty acids, triglycerides of fatty acids and metal salts of fatty acids.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the Group VIII metal is platinum or palladium.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the support is selected from Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , Cr 2 O 3 , MgO, TiO 2 , activated carbon, carbon fibres, carbon nanotubes attached to monoliths and carbon cloths.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the support is selected from activated carbon, carbon fibres, carbon nanotubes attached to monoliths and carbon clot.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons in the boiling range of 150-350° C. and recycled process streams containing hydrocarbons and combinations thereof.
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein 0.1-40 vol. % of hydrogen is added to the feedstock.
18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein 2-15 vol. % of hydrogen is added to the feedstock.
19. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the hydrocarbons are selected from the group consisting of paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes and aromatic hydrocarbons.
20. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the support is selected from Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , Cr 2 O 3 , MgO, TiO 2 , activated carbon, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes attached to monoliths and carbon cloths.
21. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the Group VIII metal is platinum or palladium.
22. The method according to claim 21 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes and aromatic hydrocarbons, in the boiling range of 150-350° C., and recycled process streams containing hydrocarbons and combinations thereof.
23. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the elemental metal catalyst contains platinum.
24. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the elemental metal catalyst contains palladium.
25. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the elemental metal catalyst contains nickel.
26. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the elemental metal catalyst contains iridium.
27. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the elemental metal catalyst contains ruthenium.
28. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the elemental metal catalyst contains rhodium.