Method of using physiological markers to estimate cardiovascular risk
An individual's risk profile for developing a cardiovascular disorder or for experiencing a cardiovascular event is determined by 1) measuring levels of certain stress-evoked proteins including heat shock proteins (HSPs), cytokines, adhesion molecules, chemokines, and the like, or titers of the antibodies targeted to them, or 2) determining the number of seropositive responses to a group of pathogens that have been associated with the presence of atherosclerosis and/or clinical events related to atherosclerosis. The measured levels are compared with clinically derived standards that define the association of these markers with cardiovascular disease. These markers are independent of traditionally recognized risk factors.
1. A method for determining a decreased risk of an individual for developing coronary artery disease (CAD), comprising:
obtaining a plasma sample from the individual;
measuring a plasma level of human Heat Shock Protein 70 (hHSP70) in the sample; and,
determining if the plasma level of hHSP70 in the sample is greater than 0.5 ng/ml,
wherein if the plasma level of hHSP70 in the sample is greater than 0.5 ng/ml, the individual has a decreased risk for developing CAD.
2. A method for determining an increased risk of an individual for developing coronary artery disease (CAD), comprising:
obtaining a plasma sample from the individual;
measuring a plasma level of human Heat Shock Protein 70 (hHSP70) in the sample; and,
determining if the plasma level of hHSP70 in the sample is less than 0.5 ng/ml,
wherein if the plasma level of hHSP70 in the sample is less than 0.5 ng/ml, the individual has an increased risk for developing CAD.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising
determining if anti-human-HSP60 antibodies are present in the plasma sample,
wherein if anti-human-HSP60 antibodies are present in the plasma sample, the individual has an increased risk for developing CAD.
4. The method of claim 2 , further comprising
determining a plasma level of cholesterol in the sample,
comparing the plasma level of cholesterol in the sample with a predetermined plasma level indicative of an increased risk for developing CAD,
wherein if the plasma level of cholesterol in the sample is higher than the predetermined plasma level indicative of an increased risk for developing CAD, the individual has an increased risk for developing CAD.
5. The method of claim 2 , further comprising
determining a plasma level of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the sample, and
comparing the plasma level of CRP in the sample with a predetermined plasma level indicative of an increased risk for developing CAD,
wherein if the plasma level of CRP in the sample is higher than the predetermined plasma level indicative of an increased risk for developing CAD, the individual has an increased risk for developing CAD.